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Women in the Media

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Submitted By dspieler
Words 1799
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Danielle Spieler
Kristen Hughes
ENG 105
October 23, 2012
Women in the Media According to Dove Research, The Real Truth about Beauty, only 4% of women around the world consider themselves beautiful (“Surprising Self Esteem Statistics”). Women in the media are shown as having a body type that is unrealistic and impractical. Although mass media has many negative effects on today’s women, including low self-esteem, an increase in eating disorders and an inaccurate definition of beauty, advertisements and thin models can also serve as role-model and as inspiration. From dolls to Victoria’s Secret models, women are exposed to all types of media images that portray “the thin ideal” from a very early age. Media pressure to be thin can cause individuals to have negative thoughts about their appearance. According to psychologist Tiffanie Domil, “Body image is the way people perceive themselves, and the way they believe others perceive them” (“The Influence of Media Images”). Therefore body image is all about what we see about ourselves, and our opinions of our bodies, even though they opinions may not be exactly true. For example, one woman might think she is overweight when in reality she is perfectly healthy. There have been multiple studies done to connect media to women’s low self-esteem. One example of the effects of media is in Fiji in 1995, when televisions were introduced. Statistics show that after 38 months of being exposed to media, females started to be more conscious about their bodies and even started dieting (“The Media”). 74% of women reported feeling “too fat,” and 62% said they had dieted in the past month (“The Media”). This means that the introduction of television had a direct link to women’s low self-esteem and poor body image. According to the 1997 Body Image Survey, 43% of women said that very thin models made them feel insecure about their weight and 46% said that thin models made them want to lose weight to look like them (Garner). This shows that almost half the women in the United States are affected in a negative way after seeing images of unattainably thin model bodies. All of these studies found correlations between female self-esteem and media in some way. Some solutions to this problem might be providing images of women of all sizes in the media, educating females on what it looks like to be healthy and just by spreading the word about how the media is effecting women’s thoughts and feelings. Damaged self-esteem often results in self-destructive behavior. Media and social problems play a big role in eating disorders. As stated by Patricia Leavy, a professor of Sociology and Director of Gender Studies at Stonehill College in Easton, MA, “There is a lucrative market associated with Eating Disorders, and the advertising, weight-loss, diet-food, fitness, and cosmetic surgery industries are well aware of it” (The Mass Marketing). This means that many people gain from the fact that women are not satisfied with their bodies. It is hard to pinpoint one simple answer to why women have eating disorders; there are theories that eating disorders have to do with the way some minds work, hence biological, while others argue that it has everything to do with society.
Eating disorders are on the rise in the United States. In 1998, there were estimates that one in five college women suffered from some sort of eating disorder. There are many eating disorders but two very common and distinct ones. Anorexia Nervosa is probably the most extreme and dangerous form of health risk. Anorexics generally have a distorted body image, which makes them appear to be much heavier than they actually are (Peach 167). Figure 1 Anorexia (Shera).

As you can see in Figure 1 this woman is in reality extremely underweight, but only sees her body as fat when looking in the mirror. Bulimia involves repeated “binging” (excessive eating), immediately followed by purging through vomiting or enemas (Peach, 176). Women’s obsession with their weight and hatred of their bodies is a product of both psychiatric and social means. Finding out what we can do to raise a woman's body satisfaction may be crucial to decreasing the rates of eating disorders.
Women are constantly made to feel ashamed and guilty if they fail to look like every model in advertisements in today’s world, and they may feel that their desirability and “lovability” depend on their physical perfection. The thin-ideal image is artificial and can only be achieved artificially (through plastic or cosmetic surgery). Desperate to conform to an impossible standard, many women take great strides to manipulate and change their faces and bodies. Not only do the images show what “beauty” is, but media also portrays that these better looking people have better lives and better opportunities, which may make women feel as if they have to be skinny to succeed in life.
For instance, Ralph Lauren’s advertisement from Japan was very controversial and was talked about a lot on the internet after it came out in 2009. The model is already beautiful enough but was enhanced, to make her seem even more “attractive.” As seen in Figure 2, Advertisers photo-shopped the model, Filippa Hamilton, in such a way that the results were inhuman. Her head is bigger than her hips, which is completely impractical. This gives an unrealistic message about women’s bodies, and it also makes a woman’s body seem as though it were an object to be controlled and manipulated.
Figure 2 (Ralph Lauren’s Advertisement).

Here Emma Gray gives her opinion on Photoshop, “In a country where the average person sees 5,000 advertising images per day, it makes sense that these images would have an effect on our perceptions of what constitutes a "normal" and "ideal" body. Even before Photoshop comes into play, there is a disparity between the average model's body and the average American woman's body” (Gray). This makes a great point, because there are all types of body shapes and sizes, a woman shouldn’t have to be a certain weight or size to feel as if they were beautiful. While the media shows us images of thin women, sometimes advertisers take the challenge to show more realistic women. One recent example of this is the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty, which uses the images of women of a variety of ages, ethnicities and body shapes to advertise its products (Keith). Some women might become more self-assured about their bodies and work harder to be healthy and work-out after seeing images of other women. They do not go so far as to try to become too thin or too muscular, but they simply want to feel comfortable with themselves, which is an overall positive thing. If a person can do this then the media does actually help in self-esteem and body image, but for those that cannot do this it leads to more negativity about their body and weight. It all comes down to how well a person feels about themselves individually before the media ever plays a part (Keith). If woman thought better about themself and didn’t judge other woman as much, then there might finally be no low self-esteem in the world. Media content is not always negative; it can also be a positive influence on teens and young women. There is some helpful information that can be found, such as, information on healthy decisions, advice on sexual health, and how to find good oppurtunities. There are so many lessons that can be taught through media, for example, how to say no or how to have safer sex (Ward). This leads to a very positive impact on adolescents. Good role models can also be found in the media. Maybe it is an actor who donates to charity or a female running for president, trying to change people’s lives. It can also provide an outlet for self-expression and a way to share one’s opinion. All of these examples show how media can have positive effects. Another side of mass media is the fact that people make money off of it. Advertisers make an income by making ads and putting them on television. Cosmetic and plastic surgeons make money because women want to alter their bodies. Models benefit because they are in demand. They are needed to walk down a runway and sell a certain product, it’s their job and they get paid for doing it. Clothing stores get business because of their ads on television. Weight loss organizations benefit from women wanting to lose weight. These are all examples of ways the media can benefit people. Especially with today's current heavy degree of media exposure, it is important to look at the impact that these images have on women's thoughts and feelings. There are so many effects of media exposure: unsatisfactory self-esteem, disordered eating and an inaccurate sense of what beauty, but there are positive effects as well. It is totally normal for women to want to be attractive, but what is happening in our society is that many women are driving toward something that's not very realistic or obtainable, and this can lead to a lot of health consequences.

Works Cited
Butler, Matilda, Paisley, William. Women and the Mass Media. New York: Human Sciences, 1980. Print.
Domil, Tiffanie. "The Influence of Media Images upon Body Esteem." Missouri Western State University, 19 May 2003. Web. 14 Oct. 2012.
Garner, D. “The 1997 body image survey results”. Psychology Today. 30–47. 1997. Print.
Gray, Emma. "Does Photoshop Encourage Negative Body Image?" That's Fit. AOL Inc., 24 June 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.
Keith, Misty. "The Effect of the Media on Women's Personal Identity." The Effect of the Media on Women's Personal Identity. n.p., 20 Apr. 2006. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.
Leavy, Patricia. "The Mass Marketing of Disordered Eating and Eating Disorders: The Social Psychology of Women, Thinness and Culture." SciVerse. 2006. Web. 9 Oct. 2012.
"Mass Media Has a Negative Impact on Women." Web log post. Teen Ink. Emerson Media, n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012.
Peach, Lucinda J. Women in Culture. Massachusetts: Blackwell, 1998. Print.
Ralph Lauren's Advertisement of model Filippa Hamilton. Digital image. Killing Her Softly: Ralph Lauren's Photoshop Scandal. n.p., 13 Feb. 2011. Web. 14 Oct. 2012.
Shera. Anorexia. Digital image. Lost in My Fingertips. n.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012.
"Surprising Self Esteem Statistics." Dove. Unilever, 2010. Web. 14 Oct. 2012.
"The Media." The Body Project. Bradley University, n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012.
Ward, L., Kyla Day, and Marina Epstein. "Uncommonly Good: Exploring How Mass Media May Be a Positive Influence on Young Women’s Sexual Health and Development." Uncommonly Good. 57-70. Wiley Interscience. Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Summer 2006. Web. 21 Oct. 2012.

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