...literature of that society and time period respectively. There is a particularly stark contrast in the roles of women between cultures in specific stories. European-centric stories tend to have inverted roles of women in comparison to Native American stories. For example, Theseus, a tale of greek mythology, has strikingly contrastive roles of women when juxtaposed to a book such as Land of the Spotted Eagle that emphasizes women’s roles in Native American stories and culture. These examples, among others highlight differences and make note of similarities. The...
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...the space you inhabit not just with your body but with your head. It’s that kind of space in which we find ourselves lost. What a lost person needs is a map of the territory, with his own position marked on it so he can see where he is in relation to everything else. Literature is not only a mirror; it is also a map, a geography of the mid. Our literature is one such map, if we can learn to read it as our literature, as the product of who and where we have been. We need such a map desperately; we need to know about here, because here is where we live. For the members of a country or culture, shared knowledge of their place, their here, is not a luxury but a necessity. Without that knowledge we will not survive.” Margaret Atwood, Survival As Atwood’s statement demonstrates, Canadian literature is concerned with place and displacement, and with the development of an effective identifying relationship between self and environs. Canada’s literature whether written in English or French reflects three main parts of Canadian experience. First, Canadian writers often emphasize the effects of climate and geography on the life and work of their people. Second, frontier’s life is part of Canada’s experience that appears frequently in its literature; Third, Canada’s position in the world profoundly affects many Canadian writers. French Canadians often feel surrounded by their English speaking neighbors. They have made a determined effort to preserve their own institutions...
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...CEDAW in Kyrgyzstan: a movement towards justice On 18 December, 2009, the world will celebrate 30 - year anniversary of the Convention on Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). To mark Convention’s 30th birthday, Kyrgyz women’s organizations launched a nation – wide collection of stories, testimonies and reflections about changes which CEDAW brought into lives of Kyrgyz women. The six selected stories, written by the NGOs and women selves were included into this brochure. UNIFEM is the women’s fund at the United Nations. It provides fi nancial and technical assistance to innovative programmes and strategies to foster women’s empowerment and gender equality. UNIFEM focuses its activities on the over-arching goal of supporting the implementation of existing commitments at the national level to advance gender equality. In support of this goal, UNIFEM works in the following thematic areas: • Strengthening women’s economic security and rights; • Ending violence against women; • Reversing the spread of HIV and AIDS among women and girls; • Achieving gender equality in democratic governance in times of peace as well as war. ActiveArt is co-founded by long-term art-collaborators Tarot Couzyn and Orla O’Flanagan. They work in partnership with local and national groups, to create innovative and participatory community art. Over the past 6 years they have worked in South Africa, Ireland and the Kyrgyz Republic creating art for egalitarian social and political...
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...Timeline of Women’s Rights Starting in the late 1700’s states started to write legislation to remove the right of a women to vote. This first started with the State of New York with Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and New Jersey closing folling suiit. Then in 1848 women collected together in Seneca Falls, New York in what would be the first influential women’s rights convention completely organized by women in the western world. Topics discussed such as law and what role women played in modern society. One of the resutling factors of this convention was the Declaration of Sentiments that served as a foundation of the women’s suffarage movement. Such conventions happened on a regular bases, leading to annual events up until the start of the civil war. In the mid to late 1800’s Susan B. Anthony began her persuit of women’s rights by traveling across the country and lectured for the right for women’s vote. She also campainged for the end of slavery, for the right for women to own property and advocated for women’s labor organizations. On November 18, 1872, her sufferage efforts resulted in her arrest after she participated by voting in the presidential election on November 5, 1872. After her trial and conviction she was charged a $100 fine but never paid it, but continued in her determination in supporting women’s rights. It was fourty three years after Susan Anthonly’s arrest that Jeanette Rankin, a Montana Republican carried the distinction to be the first women elected...
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...(F1F010022) Yunita Marangin Lumbantoruan (F1F010084) JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE FACULTY HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT ENGLISH LITERATURE 2013 INTRODUCTION In this paper, we would like to highlight in the point of view of woman. We think it is interesting enough to be discussed. Shirley Jackson seems want to deliver a message related with woman position in the society in the period of the making of the novel. We see that the male character on this story mostly has good position and description while the female character only became a minor character which didn’t have any significant position in the novel. Eventhough the major character, Tessie Hutchinson, is a woman but she got ironic destiny in the end of the story. Many sentences and phrases are quoted through the article to illustrate the women's weakness and the men's power, the notion usually called “men’s control of the dominant discourse” in Beauvoir's words. There are some keys in the story showing that women are not satisfied with their ways of lives and try to change their current situation. 1. Woman’s order is less considered than man’s order “They greeted one another and exchanged bits of gossip as they went to join their husbands. Soon the women, standing by their husbands, began to call to their children, and the children came reluctantly, having to be called four or five times. Bobby Martin ducked under...
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...SOUTH AFRICA Contents Colour Blind 2 South Africa’s new underclass: poor whites 4 The Guilt (skyldfølelsen) 5 Tsotsi – film 7 Colour Blind By James Matthews Colour Blind is a short story by James Matthews. The short story is a long conversation between the coloured woman, Stephanie and her black friend, Freda. The conversation mainly contains a discussion about the two women’s status and situation in the town. The main theme in the discussion is whether the two women’s colour of the skin is right or wrong. The colour of the skin is very important in this short story, not only to the two women’s, but for the whole population, because the colour of your skin sends out a signal of your wealth and your position in society, even though it’s far from true. The short story ends up with a big argument between the two women. Setting * The short story takes place in Stephanie’s kitchen in South Africa in a township called Manenberg. Manenberg is a township of Cape Town that was created by the apartheid government for low-income colours families. Style and language * Simple language shot sentences Composition * It is chronological, contains introduction and no flash backs * It is an open ending, because we don’t know what happens next, I will imagine that they aren’t friends anymore, because Stephanie screams “Black bitch” after Freda at the end. Characters Stephanie | Freda | * She is coloured, but not black * She lived in a observatory...
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...To compare and to contrast is to identify the similarities and differences that have been found to produce the greatest measurable impact upon student achievement of the nine learning skills. Short stories are always very enjoyable to read. They are very concise but mostly have such a deep message resonating throughout the text that the reader is left pondering over an extension of the story to imagine the possible ending if they were novels instead. The works under consideration are meant to be compared because of their unique theme which reflects how two authors can write similar yet distinctive stories in different times. In anything you write or read there are some similarities and differences with another piece of literature. I would like to share the difference and similarity on the theme GenderRoles/Marriage. The corresponding works that I have selected are “The Story of an Hour (Chopin)” and “The Necklace (de Mauppassant).” I chose to analyze these particular because this subject hits home. I love to read love and romance novels, short stories, and poems. The story of an Hour was my favorite piece of literature from the listed. I think everyone that reads this will have a private perspective. When Mrs. Louise hears from her sister Josephine and friend Richard, of her husband’s death, she reacts with obvious grief, and although, her reaction is perhaps more violent than other women, it is still appropriate. Louis begins to realize that she is now an independent...
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...contemporary ‘post-feminism’ or ‘third wave feminism’ contribute to the furtherance of women’s rights and gender equality? Research and discuss There is a good deal of controversy over the role of so-called Third Wave feminism in the quest for gender equality. Third Wave feminism emerged in the late 1980’s and 1990’s among a cohort of women who had grown up taking for granted the gains made in the first wave of feminism (suffrage) and the second wave (the 1970’s emergence of feminist activism) (Arneil, 1999; Henry, 2004). These are young women who experience feminism almost like “’flouride. We scarcely notice that we have it—it’s simply in the water” (Henry, 2004: 70, quoting Baumgardner and Richards). The controversy stems not so much from their tacit reliance on previous gains, but on the focus of Third Wave feminism, which is undeniably on self-expression, freedom of experience, and sexual flexibility. Henry (2004) writes about the American television series Sex and the City as emblematic of Third Wave feminist sensibilities. This might be a bitter pill to swallow for those who identify feminism with more stalwart causes, including combating idealised and sexualised images of women in the media and embracing women’s diversity. After all, the four heroines of Sex and the City are all white, wealthy, thin, glamorous, obsessed with fashion and arguably obsessed with men. Nevertheless there are story lines and sensibilities in Sex and the City which reveal feminist allegiances—or...
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...To compare and to contrast is to identify the similarities and differences that have been found to produce the greatest measurable impact upon student achievement of the nine learning skills. Short stories are always very enjoyable to read. They are very concise but mostly have such a deep message resonating throughout the text that the reader is left pondering over an extension of the story to imagine the possible ending if they were novels instead. The works under consideration are meant to be compared because of their unique theme which reflects how two authors can write similar yet distinctive stories in different times. In anything you write or read there are some similarities and differences with another piece of literature. I would like to share the difference and similarity on the theme GenderRoles/Marriage. The corresponding works that I have selected are “The Story of an Hour (Chopin)” and “The Necklace (de Mauppassant).” I chose to analyze these particular because this subject hits home. I love to read love and romance novels, short stories, and poems. The story of an Hour was my favorite piece of literature from the listed. I think everyone that reads this will have a private perspective. When Mrs. Louise hears from her sister Josephine and friend Richard, of her husband’s death, she reacts with obvious grief, and although, her reaction is perhaps more violent than other women, it is still appropriate. Louis begins to realize that she is now an independent...
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...development and subsequent performance of stories in theatrical processes affords women the opportunity to re-write and remap their personal narratives and in so doing insert their voices into the landscape of South African Theatre. In an attempt to redress the gender imbalances and androcentricism prevalent in post-apartheid theatre, this paper speaks to the relationship between theatre, liminality and communitas. I am interested in unpacking how collaborative processes of theatre-making provide spaces for women to remap their personal narratives. Remapping in this instance refers to processes of transforming lived experience through story. I address how, through engaging in ritual activities that are central to the stories performed, actors, audiences and the owners of the source stories are invited to physically participate in remapping and transforming lived experience. Linked to this is the choice of form(s) and how this affects or impacts on the performed stories as well as on the construction of performed rituals and ultimately on the processes of remapping personal narratives. I focus specifically on Mothertongue’s 2004 production, Uhambo: pieces of a dream. The production was an integration of theatre and visual art in the form of performances, portraits and installations that probed the concept of democracy through the eyes of women living in Cape Town. The production took audience members on a journey that wove together women’s personal responses to life in South...
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...literacy and language in education are listed under "Growing up Male" above. Coates, Jennifer. (2003). Men Talk: Stories in the making of masculinities. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. 1. ‘We was Playing Naked Football the Other Night’: Introduction. 2. ‘Good Story!’: The Formal Characteristics of Male Narrative. 3. ‘So I Thought ‘Bollocks to it’: Men, Stories and Masculinities. 4. ‘Bad as My Mate’: Stories in Sequence. 5. ‘She’d Made Sardines in Aspic’: Women’s Stories, Men’s Stories and the Construction of Gender. 6. ‘I’m Quite Good at Mexican Food’: Men’s Narratives in Mixed Conversation. 7. ‘Still in Shock Weren’t You Darling’: Masculinity and the Heterosexual Couple. 8. ‘There are Problems’: Men’s Talk and Contemporary Masculinities. Cowburn, Malcolm. (2004). Men, masculinities and what men do: the relationship of critique and change (invited review essay). Sexualities, 7, 4 497-501. Edley, N. (2001a). Analysing masculinity: Interpretative repertoires, ideological dilemmas and subject positions. In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor & S. Yates. (eds.), Discourse as data: a guide for analysis (pp. 189-229). London: Sage Publications. Edley, N. (2001b). I. Conversation analysis, discursive psychology and the study of ideology: A response to Susan Speer. Feminism & Psychology, 11(1), 136-140. Edley, N., and M. Wetherell. (1997). Jockeying for position: the construction of masculine identities. Discourse and Society, 8(2), 203-217. Herring, Susan, Deborah A. Johnson...
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... SOCI 1010 From: Anita Schlicher Fall/2012 Paper III Gender Inequality There have been vast changes in women's rights in the last century. After endless picketing, fighting and jail sentences, women were finally given the right to vote on a national level. Over the course of history, women have found that rights which were automatically granted for men required an exhaustingly large amount of fighting to obtain for themselves. It is unbelievable that the role of the woman had been devalued so much that women were not allowed to do what many women today now consider “basic” things such as receiving an education, holding jobs that did not involve children, or even own property. Even though women today are able to earn college degrees, have careers, own property, vote, and even run for political positions themselves, there are still countless gender inequalities. Children are submitted to gender roles pretty much from the moment they are born. Baby showers involve a sea of pastel blues for boys and soft, delicate pink for girls. Female children are given dolls and doll houses and other cute toys, and are expected to "play house," nurture and take care of their dolls, and play "dress-up," while...
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...In an analysis published in the Columbia Journalism Review, Alex T. Williams, Ph.D. at University of Pennsylvania addresses the question of why there are so few minorities in mainstream media. The article suggests that the reasons for the lack of minorities in broadcast journalism careers are not solely due to a lack of minorities pursuing journalism degrees (White, 2015). According to studies from the American Society of News Editors, the Women’s Media Center and the advocacy group VIDA Women in Literary Arts, gender and racial diversity in newsrooms have scarcely improved in the last decade despite an increasing demand for more inclusive journalism in the current round-the-clock news cycle” (Abbady, 2017). The 2018 Status of Women in the U.S. Media study, by the Women’s Media Center, has seen an increase from 11.1% to 12.6% in 2017 in the number of women of color as local television news staff (Gonzalez-Ramirez, 2018). As for people of color, they make up 38.7% of the U.S. population and women make up 50.8% according to the U.S. Census Bureau (Gonzalez-Ramirez, 2018). These percentages has increased over the years, however race and gender in the news continues to reflect the struggles that women of color face over the decade (Abbay, 2017). Although not as significantly as before, women of color still face discrimination, they still have...
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...A declaration of independence for women was abnormal during the 1970’s, but not impossible. Since women were “less” than men, no one really considered a true independent woman to run a household until the women’s rights movement began. “Research suggest that women are just as capable in leadership positions as are men. Early studies of leadership style and effectiveness suggest that men and women perform similarly in leadership roles (Chapman and Luthans 1795; Day and Stodgily 1972)” (Carbonell). Statistics and evidence like this show that women can be independent and be an efficient leader like men. Norma Jean as a married spouse wanting to be free from mans will and be independent, although having that relationship with Leroy. Norma Jean does leave Leroy, but she does not divorce him. Leroy does have the tendency of thinking the women should stay at home and cook, but not for Norma Jean. Norma Jean is studying in college and all set to go out into the world. That is why she left Leroy, but she...
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...as a patriarchal ideology that legitimates female subordination. 3. EVIDENCE OF PATRIARCHYRELIGIOUS ORGANISATIONS• They are mainly male dominated despite the fact that women often participate more than men in organisations. For example, Orthodox Judaism and Catholicism forbid women to become priests. Armstrong sees women’s exclusion from the priesthood of most religions as evidence of marginalisation. View slide 4. PLACES OF WORSHIP• They often separate the sexes and marginalise women, e.g. seating them behind screens while the men occupy the central and more sacred spaces.• Women’s participation may be restricted, for example, not being able to preach or to read from sacred texts. Taboos that regard menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth as polluting may also prevent participation. For example, in Islam, menstruating women are not allowed to touch the Qur’an. Holm describes this as the devaluation of women in contemporary religion. View slide 5. SACRED TEXTS• They largely feature the doings of male gods, prophets ect, and are usually written and interpreted by men. Stories often reflect anti-female stereotypes, such as that of Eve who in the Judaeo-Christian story of Genesis, caused by humanity’s fall from grace and expulsion from the Garden of Eden. 6. RELIGIOUS LAWS AND CUSTOMS• These may give women fewer rights than men, e.g. in access to divorce, how many spouses they may marry, decision making, dress codes ect. Religious influences on cultural norms may also lead to unequal...
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