...Article Critique In research methodology, feminist scholars blamed qualitative studies which many times failed to bring out the realities of women’s lived experiences (Price & Sokoloff, 2004). Although these experiences are unfortunate common struggles for women offenders, there seemed to be limited research that explored how those struggles in women’s lives seemed to affect their likelihood of recidivism. At last, the “pathways” perspective, which investigates whether women have distinct pathways to initial crime and recidivism compared to men, is improved mainly by qualitative methodologies. In the current study: Gendered Pathways: A Quantitative Investigation of Women Probationers’ Paths to Incarceration, featured in the Journal of Criminal Justice and Behavior, authors Emily J. Salisbury and Patricia Van Voorhis quantitatively investigate women’s possibilities of ongoing criminal behavior (2009). Although some implications did arise, this study is important to the field by offering explanations of female offending which can offer proper interventions to help reduce recidivism. Throughout this paper I will be summarizing and critiquing the above article. The mentioned study uses a path analytic statistical procedure with a sample of 313 newly convicted women probationers selected by the Missouri Department of Corrections according to a stratified sample, to investigate three gendered pathways to women offenders’ incarceration: 1) a pathway beginning with childhood...
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...Abstract The purpose of this research is to provide a glimpse into the rate of women's incarceration in the United States and the contributing factors leading to an increase in such incarcerations. Statistical review alludes to an increase in the rate of incarceration among women. The aim of this research was to establish the connection between diverse behaviors and imprisonment rates among women. Findings indicate that women’s rearrests, may be the contributing factor for the recorded increase in the growth of women in prison in the United States. One can thus deduce that the incarceration policies and environments in female prisons are disconnected with the social discourse, thereby ill-equipping incarcerated women with proper skills to reintegrate...
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...As Gender Studies started to gain more academic respectability in the contemporary society and as many female scholars take actual participation in contributing women’s perspective to the field, the problem of “gender inequality” has risen to the surface. In this paper, I would like to specifically talk about how beauty ideals that have been set up for women play its role in creating an unequal power relation between men and women. For the sake of clarity, the beauty ideals I focus on this paper are not limited to the appearances but general expectations that society make of an “ideal women”. To begin with a simple example from today’s society, women are judged by their appearances more than their abilities, and to makes things worse, their appearances are compared with...
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...NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY ADVANCED EDUCATION PROGRAM BUSINESS PLAN SOCIAL ENTERPRISE Supporting the women prisoners after they are out prison. Advanced Accounting 54B GROUP 6: 1. Nguyễn Diệp Anh 2. Vương Phương Anh 3. Đoàn Hồng Anh 4. Đỗ Phương Anh 5. Nguyễn Thị Hường 6. Bùi Diệu Linh Table of Contents I. SUMMARY: 2 II. ORGANIZATIONAL OVERVIEW: 3 1. Problems and Solution: 3 2. Vision: 3 3. Mission: 3 4. The object: 3 5. Market Analysis 3 I. PRODUCT: 4 II. MARKET ANALYSIS 5 1. Target market 5 2. Total market valuation 6 3. Target company revenue 6 4. Market trends 6 5. Competitive Advantage 7 III. MARKETING STRATEGIES 7 IV. STAFFING AND OPERATIONS 9 1. Operational plan: 9 2. Management and personel: 10 VII. SALES PLAN 10 VIII. SOURCE OF FINANCIAL 12 1. Capital of founding people: 12 2. Supporting financial for social organizations : 12 IX. CONCLUSION 13 I. SUMMARY: Everyone wants to be a good person, to become useful citizens of the country, but it is not easy, especially with those who committed an offense in the first time, the way for them to re- integrate community seems too fragile. And the challenge has become more difficult for the female prisoners. Because of going out the prison with nothing and the mistake past, their opportunity to remake their lives are so faint. In vocational guidance for prisoners after serving penalties...
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...by the government she is contrasting, like every women in that country who tends to wrestle the inequity against them. It is important to understand that Winnie Mandela is a woman whose approaches, convictions and proceedings were shaped by various cultural and social practices of fight as a black woman in a colonized country (Bezdrob, 2005). She suffered gender discriminations and race unfairness, got married non-traditionally to a man identified as a political criminal and faced her own fights with the white controlling authorities, nevertheless she went on to craft a reflective distinction in the actuality of blacks in South Africa and their progression from demoralized people to free and self-ruling people. The purpose of this paper is to talk about her life, political views in contrast with her husband Nelson Mandela and the aspects that persuaded and designed her advancements by the people of South Africa as the “Mother of the Nation”. Discussion After attending her primary school in Bizana and completing matriculation...
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...Federal prison comparison Christopher Gault CJA/234 December 19, 2011 Rollin Cook Federal prison comparison In this paper describe the prisons that certain individuals were sent to. I will make sure I compare and contrast the similarities and differences between these individuals. The individuals I will be discussing are Martha Stewart, Ivan Boesky, Michael Milken, Manuel Noriega, Timothy McVeigh, and Terry Nichols. All of these individuals were convicted of Federal crimes and sent to a Federal prison to serve their time. Martha Stewart was assigned to the minimum security women's prison in Alderson, W. Va., known as "Camp Cupcake." It is called that because it is a very low security prison and your time spent there should be easy. The West Virginia federal correctional facility is located in the hills of the Allegheny Mountains; this prison is more than 400 miles south of Stewart's Westport home. Martha Stewart wanted to go to a prison closer to her home so she could be close to her elderly mother. The low security facility was opened in 1927 as the first federal prison for women, Martha wasn’t the first big name to spend time at the facility. The prison once housed Billie Holiday, as well as Lynette Fromme and Sara Jane Moore. Both of these women tried to assassinate President Gerald Ford. The prison has no perimeter fence, and inmates can spend their free time playing volleyball and tennis or even doing aerobics. So that explains why they call it “Camp Cupcake”...
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...Final Project: Persuasive Research Paper Nycole Chatman COM/220 October 28, 2012 Debbi Kutner Reducing Recidivism in today’s Society Final Project: Persuasive Research Paper Reducing Recidivism in today’s Society Education and job skills are key elements to reducing recidivism therefore; prisons, county jails, and the probation offices should adopt mandatory programs so ex-offenders can become productive members of society. Every year approximately 9 million people are released from prison in the U.S. (Center, T. N.-e., 2012) and due to lack of education and job skills, 52% of those 9 million returns within three years. According to Yamatani & Spjeldnes (2011), “The United States represents only 5 percent of the world’s population, but we hold 25 percent of the world's inmates in our prisons and jails (Pew Center on the States, 2008). We have more people behind bars in total numbers and per capita than any other industrialized country--2.3 million out of nearly 300 million (750 per 100,000 residents)--one out of 100 U.S.” This essay will show the difference between recidivism and rehabilitation as well as showing how education and job training can effectively reduce the rate of recidivism in the U.S. What is recidivism you ask? The Merriam-Webster defines recidivism as a tendency to relapse into a previous condition or mode of behavior (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2012)...
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...Female Offenders: is Chivalry Dead? Intro: In the last two decades, there has been a definite shift in the leniency of sentencing female offenders in the criminal justice system. It has been suggested the shift turning to harsher, more severe punishments is due to more female practitioners in the criminal justice system which subsequently reduced the chivalry hypothesis. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the literature and empirical research regarding past and present studies of female offenders, the chivalry hypothesis, the differences in male and female convictions, and to answer the enduring question: Is chivalry dead? While this paper does not incorporate all of the literature available, it does offer a good snap shot of many pertinent studies conducted regarding these topics and the issues pertaining to them. Female Offenders Then and Now Over the years, the empirical evidence supporting the position that women offenders are treated less harshly than their male counterparts has been at best inconsistent. (Burnett, 1994: Coombs, 1995: Denno, 1994: Johnson & Nagel, 1994: Klein & Kress, 2014). The writers of these studies used a variety of theses to explain the leniency. Some suggested women are treated with chivalry and thus given lighter sentences for similar offenses created by men. While others suggested the leniency was due to the majority of females in the court system are first time offenders. In 1994, Kathleen Davy published Gender...
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...Curriculum Vitae of Her Excellency Dame Pearlette Louisy GCSL NAME: Calliopa Pearlette Louisy DATE OF BIRTH: 8th June, 1946 NATIONALITY: Saint Lucian HOME ADDRESS: Government House, The Morne, Castries, Saint Lucia, West Indies POSTAL ADDRESS : Government House, The Morne, Castries, Saint Lucia, West Indies Appointed GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF SAINT LUCIA on 17th September, 1997 ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS: 1994 PH.D.(Higher Education) University of Bristol, Bristol, UK 1975 M.A. (Linguistics) Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada 1969 B.A. (English and French) University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados. 1965 Cambridge G.C.E. "A" Levels French, Geography - St.Joseph's Convent, Castries 1963 Senior Cambridge Certificate St.Joseph's Convent, Castries (First Grade) PROFESSIONAL CAREER: 1996 - 1997 Principal, Sir Arthur Lewis Community College, Castries, St.Lucia 1994 - 1995 Vice Principal, Sir Arthur Lewis Community College, Castries, St.Lucia. 1986 - 1994 Dean, Division of Arts, Science and General Studies, Sir Arthur Lewis Community College. 1981 - 1986 Principal, St.Lucia 'A' Level College, Castries, St.Lucia. 1980 - 1986 Tutor of French, OCODTeacher Training Summer Workshops, Dominica 1976 - 1981 Graduate Tutor, St.Lucia 'A' Level College, Castries, St.Lucia. 1975 - 1976 Graduate Teacher, St.Joseph's Convent Secondary School, Castries, St.Lucia. 1969 - 1972 Graduate Teacher, St.Joseph's Convent Secondary School, Castries, St.Lucia. 1965 - 1966 Non-Graduate Teacher, St.Joseph's...
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...culture on the masses, “Doodh maangoge to kheer denge, Kashmir maangoge to cheer denge!” This is the most a layperson would know about the issue, thanks to popular culture. However, a 2014 film ‘Haider’ directed by Vishal Bhardwaj presented a very different viewpoint compared to the above regarding the issue of Kashmir. The film showed the horrifying implications of the totalitarian law of AFSPA (Armed Forces Specials Powers Act) in Kashmir and the people there. The movie went to gain critical and commercial success and many of its dialogues gained cult status. And though here I provide no measured empirical evidence, yet based on my little research, this movie brought a lot of change regarding the common perception on the issue of Kashmir. It has gone beyond the common sanghi idea of stupid patriotism. However, let me come to the point of my term paper. In the general discourse regarding minorities everywhere, the issue of sexual minorities has been relatively late and therefore, recent. Not much awareness has been around this issue and certainly even in popular culture it has not had as much representation. Let’s begin by defining who sexual minorities are: Sexual minorities are a group whose sexual identity, orientation or practices differ from the majority of the surrounding society. Usually, Sexual minorities comprise of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals. Male-female dichotomy in hetero-normative societies has created havoc in the life of sexual minorities thus...
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...Violence from a gender view what role does masculinity play in Ethiopia context. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main concepts in feminist approach 3. Hegemonic masculinity theory 4. The subculture of violence in peace and conflict 5. The perception on gender versus sex in Ethiopia 6. Gendered dynamics of violence 6.1 Masculinities and violence 6.2 Femininities and violence 7. Conclusion 8. References 1. Introduction The paper critically evaluate the theory which claims that violence has a strong gender dimension and what role does masculinity play in violence. There are feminist theories and assumptions regarding the societal construction of gender, as it is divided into two major categories...
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... statistics, and resources to help survivors leave domestic violence relationships. Following the review of the literature I identify areas which need further research. Since I can remember black women have been characterized as mean and argumentative, but also strong and self-sacrificing for their families. Black families on TV were always portrayed as single mother households. In my community there was also a reoccurring reality of domestic violence against women. This was is in direct contrast to stereotypes I heard about white women, who were portrayed as weak, frail and needing to be protected. Examples include June Cleaver on Leave it to Beaver and the Brady Bunch. But what justified the brutality of domestic violence against black women then and now? In 2011, black females were murdered at a rate more than two and a half times higher than white females: 2.61 per 100,000 versus 0.99 per 100,000. [1] In the U.S. domestic violence against black women has escalated. In 2010, Marissa Alexander an African American woman shot a warning shot at the wall in order to scare Rico Gray, her estranged, abusive husband. Marissa was a 29-year-old mother, who had just given birth to her youngest daughter prematurely, nine days earlier. For trying to protect herself, she was sentenced to 20 years in prison. In her upcoming retrial, Florida state prosecutor Angela Corey is seeking to imprison Marissa for 60 years. As Mariame Kaba says, black women have "no selves...
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...Lowery Eastern Michigan University Abstract Racial disparities in corrections measured by the black to white per capita incarceration rates vary from state to state, This paper will analyze the current trends and the impact incarceration has on communities of color and how criminal justice policy and practice plays a role in this. According to the Justice Department’s Bureau of Justice Statistics, out of a total population of 1,976,019 incarcerated in adult facilities, 1,239,946 or 63 percent are black or Latino, though these two groups constitute only 25 percent of the national population. Some of the greatest racial disparities in rates of incarceration happen in states in which minorities are massed in urban areas, which tend to have both higher rates of crime and greater law enforcement activity. This paper will also discuss how these incarcerations affect the offenders, public safety, criminal policies and procedures. Racial Disparities in Corrections There are many factors regarding the disproportional rates of incarceration in communities of color. Data generated by the U.S. Department of Justice predicts that if current trends continue, one out of every three black males born today will go to prison in his lifetime, as well as one of every six Latino males. The rates of incarceration for women overall are lower than for men, but similar racial/ethnic disparities still apply. Some law makers are looking at...
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...The Death Penalty PHI103: Informal Logic Professor Donald Ceplenski March 26, 2012 The Death Penalty Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the lawful infliction of death as a form of punishment. It is considered to be one of the most controversial and a debated topic across the United States which leads to the logical question; is the death penalty just and applied fairly? Although in theory sentencing a criminal to death may bring closure to the victim’s families, the practice of sentencing someone to death is an unjust form of punishment with factors such as costs, deterrence, and rehabilitation failure show that putting a criminal to death is counterproductive and inhumane. Death Penalty laws have been around since Eighteenth Century B.C., but the execution in American dates back to the colonial days in 1608, when Virginia carried out the colonies first execution to Captain George Kendall (Randa, 1996). According to the Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC), in the last four hundred years, 36 states have instituted the death penalty, making execution the ultimate form of punishment (2012). In theory the death penalty appears to be a reasonable method of punishment but in reality it has major flaws that damage the integrity of the state. Not only does it have serious flaws it is absolutely inhumane in every way. The death penalty goes against our rights as human beings. We are supporting the message that killing is okay if the reason...
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...is it something that doesn’t cross the men’s minds in countries when their spouses are not faithful. In particular Brazil has seen this happen many times, even as recently as the 1990’s. There are some important changes during that time and there are now Women Police stations set up through out Brazil to combat these crimes and other domestic crimes against women. The set up for these police organizations ran by women started during the recognized women movements in Brazil around 1985. This paper will look into the some of the history and cases in violence against women. Then how women movements helped propel specific gender issues. Lastly discuss the creation of Women Police Departments and their problems and success today. In 1979, Raul Doca Street, murdered his lover when she wanted to end the relationship. 1981 a famous Brazilian, Lindomar Castilho, shot his wife and her cousin, thought to be lover. In both cases the judge sentenced each man to merely 2 years in prison on the defense of “violent emotion.” Both cases were appealed and due to the protest of women groups they got 15 and 12 years respectfully.[1] The election of a civilian president in 1985 and the creation of the New Brazilian Republic was suppose to lead to better reform for the rights of women. Articles in the Constitution, drafted in 1988, and guaranteed equality of law for women and the government obligation to prevent violence at home. This did little to sway a jury of all men to properly...
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