...Research on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean Read the following articles in GGR: pp.151-230 These readings review the status of research in women's and gender studies in countries in Latin America and the Caribbean After I read the articles, I see women from Latin America and the Caribbean are facing similar issue with women from Asia and Africa. Sure that women’s right has come a long way and women role have change from only working in the houses or farms to working outside of the house support their families’ financial, but still they are suffer from gender inequality, poverty, and violence. Women are often treated as subordination to men in many ways like in economic or social life and when they want to work they are disadvantaged by childcare and housework responsibilities. To me, it seems like Latin America and the Caribbean special in Puerto Rico and Cuba have made more progress in women’s right than in Africa or Asia. Violence against women is still a serious problem in Latin America and the Caribbean. High rate of women have been a victim of sexual, physical, or psychological violence by partners just because they are women and seen as the weaker sex, even though there is law to protect women but usually get overlook especially in cases of domestic violence. I am also agree with Marta Nunez Sarmiento that there are more studies on women than men and in gender studies we should look on men perspective too. Cuban women have gained women equal in economic...
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...countries in the world. The Human Development Index rates each country with a score between 0 and 1, with 1 being the most advanced, globalized country. Factors that are involved in determining a country's HDI are gross domestic production per capita, life expectancy at birth, adult literary, and the number of persons enrolled in educational institutions. In 1975, Peru's Human Development Index was a 0.643. By 2003, the Human Development Index had risen more than one tenth to 0.762. The substantial increase of Peru's HDI is a clear indication that globalization has made a positive impact. From 1975 until 2003, globalization has caused a 2% increase in the adult literacy rate. During the same time period, the poverty rate to dropped 6%. Women's fertility rates have also dropped. In 1975, women had an average of 6 children each. In 2003, that average dropped to less than 3 children...
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...Tatiana Magaña Professor Friedman Latin American Politics 7 December 2011 Women’s Struggles in a Socialist Venezuela Venezuela has overcome many obstacles, and triumphs as a country that always been full of oppression on the people. With years of oppression and marginalization, a new president in 1998 came into power, this President is Hugo Chavez. Hugo Chavez was able to win the presidency, perhaps because he has been viewed as a people’s man. Chavez has made it very clear that he is for socialism, and not for a neoliberal Venezuela, “Es el neoliberalismo el camino? Sí, el camino al Infierno. Ese es el camino al Infierno” - Hugo Chávez. Hugo Chavez has set out a plan for his socialist government, this plan has been designed to finally put an end to all the oppression the many lower class marginalized groups have faced over the decades. However, it is very evident that putting this plan into action has proved a lot more difficult than Chavez and his administration thought it would. For this reason, it is clear that for social justice, and the democratization of this country have been widely affected, and not for the good. As Chavez has changed the agenda, but in the view from social justice and democracy, he has lacked to really implement change for the better, and this is why we still see a high number of marginalized groups that are fighting constantly for more rights. Women have continued to fight in the name of social justice and democracy to pave a way for all the women...
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...Although Latin America has faced many social, political, and economic issues within the last three centuries, inequality remains one of the most important, historical, and omnipresent aspects of the region’s culture. As Europeans took over Latin America during the time of colonization, they implemented many elitist social structures that have held strong and are evident today (Harris). Income inequality is the most visible and greatest disparity that the region faces; yet inequality between gender, ethnicities, and education remain strong and significant problems with a necessity for improvement. Inequality of wealth and disparity of power and influence are Latin American’s greatest curses and are at the root of many of the developmental, social, criminal, and political problems that continue to plague the region (De Ferranti). Since inequality has pervaded into every feature of Latin American society, it is important to measure inequality accurately in order to obstruct the causes of the discrimination and prevent new ones from beginning. The Gini Coefficient is an effective way that people indicate the inequality of a country by measuring a frequency distribution of income or wealth. Using the "Gini Index" of inequality in the distribution of income and consumption, the researchers found that Latin America and the Caribbean, from the 1970s through the 1990s, measured nearly 10 points more unequal than Asia, 17.5 points more unequal than the 30 countries in the Organization...
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...In order to understanding the roles of Latin American Women in the revolution, we must first understand what were some of the causes for the revolution. In this paper I will focus on the Cuban Gurilla revolution involing Che' and the undercover work done by Hayde'e Tamara Bunke Bider a.k.a Tania; the conscious movement in Brazil sparked by Child of the Dark along with involment of the Brazilian Women's Federation (BWF); Domintila Barrios de Chungara oral history and influence in Bolivia against mining conditons, and the March of the Empty Pot and Pan in Chile. During the 1960's and 1970's a conscious revolutionary spark seem to egnite world wide for women. Women were no longer taking the backseat approach to problems. But instead grabbing the...
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...Report of Online Discussion WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP ROLES Coordinated by the Division for the Advancement of Women Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Hosted by WomenWatch With support from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 19 November to 15 December 2007 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this report reflect the opinions of participants to the online discussion and not the official views of the United Nations Contents 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................ 3 2. Theme One: Status of women in leadership positions globally ....................................................... 5 2.1. Country experiences ................................................................................................................5 2.2. Ability of women in leadership positions to influence change .....................................................6 2.3. Instruments and methodologies to measure impact ..................................................................8 3. Theme Two: Factors that influence women’s access to decision-making positions —views from public administration, the judiciary and the private sector................................................................. 9 3.1. Representation of women in the public sector.........................................................................10 3.2. Representation...
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...pp. 1539–1560, 2002 Ó 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain 0305-750X/02/$ - see front matter PII: S0305-750X(02)00058-X Women in Sustainable Development: Empowerment through Partnerships for Healthy Living CLAUDIA MARA VARGAS * I University of Vermont, Burlington, USA Summary. — This article seeks to take partnerships seriously. Specifically, it is concerned with the nature, opportunities, and challenges facing women’s nongovernmental organization (NGOs), which seek to make real contributions to sustainable development. It uses a case study of COFERENE, a successful women’s NGO in Costa Rica, to explore the nature of partnerships, the contextual factors that shape them, the successes that can be realized from their wise use, and the potential problems that may arise. There are lessons, both optimistic and cautionary, to be learned from COFERENE’S experiences. This article analyzes these lessons. In synthesis, partnerships are complex and demanding, though there are cases in which women’s NGOs have used them effectively to foster sustainable development. Ó 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Key words — geographical focus: global, country specific: Costa Rica, sustainable development, partnerships, culture, nonprofits A woman said that her father was a street sweeper. If some people consider this a humble job, her opinion was that a person who has the job of picking up garbage is way superior to the person who throws away Author...
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...Unfortunate Circumstances to Turn Around: In the Latin American Andes, indigenous women have been subject to sexism, lack of rights, and underprivileged circumstances. Not only have men always been put before women, but men have been a constant in the subordination of women and a cause of lack of progression made. With all of the hard work women endure and go through to support their husband and family, they receive no recognition, just the degrading treatment to remind them that their husband rules over them, that they have no say, and no right to do anything without permission from their spouse. Luckily over time, Indigenous Andean women’s rights, roles, and health have developed greatly since the 1940’s due to the development of education, knowledge, empowerment, and opportunity growth for women in Latin America. In this paper I have brought to attention the rough and unfair circumstances that Latin American indigenous women of the Andes have had to endure since the 1940’s to present day. The first subject brought to attention is the topic of marriage and what it entails for a woman of the time. Also included is the role of them woman and how they are treated and disrespected by their husbands in the early decades of this century. The I continue to dicuss how in future years circumstances change, and how women become more independent and even the role’s of the household out more, if not totally turn them around. Finally, I discuss the matter of health care to indigenous...
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...1960s, many middle- and upper-class white women begin to question their domestic roles—a phenomenon that becomes known as “the problem that has no name.” In the late 1960s, a culture of revolution emerges, with protests against the Vietnam War, formation of the first lesbian separatist communities, student protests in Europe, guerrilla movements in Latin America, liberation struggles in Africa, a cultural revolution in China, and a tide of socialism and Marxism. This culture fuels the strength of the women’s movement going into the 1970s. Height of the Movement: 1970s In the 1970s, women convene consciousness-raising groups to educate about gender oppression, create community, and share common experiences. The first women’s studies departments are developed at universities, and the United Nations designates the 1970s the “Women’s Decade.” However, some black women challenge the women’s movement as failing to acknowledge non-white concerns, and many become disillusioned. Lesbian feminists challenge the women’s movement to reconsider their attitudes toward the nuclear family, calling upon women to become “political lesbians” and stop “sleeping with the enemy.” Backlash Era: 1980s The 1980s and the Reagan years saw a backlash against feminism and the defeat of the Equal Rights Amendment. 1973: In Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton, the Supreme Court declares that the Constitution protects women's right to terminate an early pregnancy, thus making abortion legal. 1981: The Supreme...
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...Professor Legg Malnutrition in Guatemala Guatemala is a Country in Central America right underneath Mexico. Its true name is the Republic of Guatemala. Guatemala consists of many indigenous Mayan people. It has a very heavy Spanish influence. Mayans are called the indigenous people as opposed to the westernized Ladino’s that have European blood in them and usually live in a more urbanized areas. More than half the Guatemalan nation is composed of indigenous Mayan Indians. The national language is Spanish. The five main Mayan languages are Quichí, Mam, Qanjobal, Chol, and Yucateca (Nacie L., 2011). In addition to these five main languages there are 21 dialects that branch off of these There are many factors that contribute to the extremely high rates of malnutrition in the country of Guatemala. Poverty, socioeconomic status, and education level all play a part. The disadvantaged Guatemalan is considered indigenous. Much racism goes on between indigenous and non-indigenous “Ladino’s.” Ladinos mainly rule the country (BBC, 2012). The amount of education is directly correlated with the amount of money made. The per capita GDP of Guatemala is $3,177 ranked 16 out of 19 in all of the Latin American Countries (Edwards, 2002). Guatemala has an approximate population of 14,027, 000. The life expectancy for men is 66 years old and for women 77 years old. Guatemala has the largest economy in Central America but it also has the lowest growth rates of human development (Edwards, 2002)...
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...such utopia, Piercy alludes that gender roles have been eliminated, along with the racial and social tensions that plagued the 70’s in America. In Piercy’s novel, Connie Ramos serves a woman in her thirties, who has been declared clinically insane and turns to the utopia future as an escape. As she spends more time in the future, she is able to conceptualize a society of: equal inequalities, elimination of corruption within a societal state and the fear of homophobia of the time that existed in the United States. As a feminist activist during the 70s, Betty Friedan served as a strong leading figure for the women’s movement in the United States and is recognition for sparking the second wave of American feminism during the 20th century. Friedan would be content of what Piercy conveys in the novel about the equal inequalities that exist within the utopia society. Because of this she is able to explore the ideas of a women in finding a realization beyond the traditional role. As a writer for the feminist and women’s rights, Friedan took part in advancing women’s rights that recognized the women’s inequality as being a typical housewife that has a husband. This led her to the develop the National Organization for Women that aspired to bring the women into a conventional American society that offered equal partnership with men. This is most seen in Piercy’s novel in which the utopian society does not discriminate against any female role and exercises the practice of delegating...
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...on the premise that the post-war culture of El Salvador continues to project a violent “revolutionary” environment, which has made many of the women that fought in the revolution the “subjects” of neoliberal globalization. In this manner, many of the “revolutionaries” are examined through an anthropological gender analysis to identify the reactionary nature of post-war identity that continues to divide communities and also creates the “trans-border” family. More so, Silber (2010) argues that many women are presented as being symbolized as “masculinized” women, but the underlying patriarchal values of El Salvadoran society continue into the post-war era. Therefore, the issue of gender roles continues define some of the myths of “feminism” that have been historically defined as part of the women’s movement in the FMNL during the revolution....
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... LG Electronics is the owner of Zenith Electronics and has a joint venture with Philips Electronics under the name of LG Display. Both the companies are putting their effort in manufacturing and developing the quality of their products. Some important subsidiaries of LG Group are LG Electronics, LG Telecom, LG Chem. and Zenith Electronics in more than 80 countries. LG Electronics was established in 1958 as GoldStar. LG Group is the merger of Lucky and GoldStar, two Korean companies. L is taken from Lucky and G from GoldStar which formed LG Group. "Life's Good" is the slogan of the LG Electronics. In 1995 GoldStar was renamed as LG Electronics and owned Zenith Electronics of USA. Global Presence: LG Electronics plays an active role in world markets with its assertive global business policy. As a result, LG Electronics controls 114 local subsidiaries...
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...The Economic side Brazil is: World’s second largest producer of organic foods World’s third largest producer of fruit World’s third largest consumer market for cosmetics World’ fifth largest country in population World’s seventh country in Internet usage World’s eighth largest consumer market World’s Twelfth largest economy World’s largest Catholic country Population: 205,716,890 (2012) Age Structure: 0-14 years: 26.2% (male 27,219,651/female 26,180,040) 15-64 years: 67% (male 67,524,642/female 68,809,357) 65 years and over: 6.7% (male 5,796,433/female 7,899,650) (2011est) Population growth rate: 1.102% (2012est) Birth Rate: 17.48 births/1,000 population (2012est) The average monthly income of Brazilian families in 2009(731 dollars) Income classes: Class A: above BRL 10.200 Class B: above BRL 5.100 Class C: above BRL 2.040 Class D: above BRL 1.020 Class E: below BRL 1.020 Total number of citizen in middle class: 95 Million (%52 of population) -2009 Lower class: 61 million. People live below the poverty line: %24. Business opportunities: Telecommunication business opportunities Franchise business opportunities Real Estate Investments Domestic demand is very strong, for example for cars, housing, or consumer durables GDP (purchasing power parity): $2.284 trillion (2011est) GDP - real growth rate: 2.8% (2011est) GDP - per capita (PPP): $11,600 (2011est) ...
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...time, there have been significant and ongoing efforts towards creating equality for all people. Although many argue that the United States of America has made little progress in fulfilling the promises of its Declaration of Independence because of ongoing issues with racial, gender-based, and religious discrimination, they fail to consider that the U.S. has consistently been one of the most...
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