...Introduction Working conditions vary all over the world. Some countries have strict rules on the conditions that people can work in and other countries have limited to no rules on the working conditions of people. The difference in working conditions has caused people to form groups to make standards for every country. These groups are fighting against sweatshops and fighting for labor right on behaves of the poor. A couple of the larger groups are, The Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights, The International Labor Rights Forum formally non-as the National Labor Committee. While there are people fighting against sweatshops, there are also people fighting for sweatshops and educating people on the impact that they have in the communities and in the countries. So what is a sweatshop? According to Global Exchange (2015) sweatshops can defined in many different ways: “The US Department of Labor, a sweatshop is any factory that violates more than one of the fundamental US labor laws, which include paying a minimum wage and keeping a time card, paying overtime, and paying on time. The Union of Needle trades Industrial and Textile Employees (UNITE), the US garment workers union, says any factory that does not respect workers’ right to organize an independent union is a sweatshop. Global Exchange and other corporate accountability groups in the anti-sweatshop movement would add to this definition any factory that does not pay its workers a living wage—that is, a wage that...
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...chain. For this we first propose to define ‘Fair wages’ through a new approach, the ‘Fair wage approach’, aimed at providing CSR actors with a coherent set of fair wage dimensions and indicators. This new approach is then applied in a large-scale exercise carried out on wages in more than 100 suppliers in Asia and complemented by three case studies in China. This exercise carried out in 2010-11 provides first hand and most recent information on wage practices among suppliers. The results identify a number of wage problems along the supply chain, and also confirm the need to address wage issues using a broad spectrum of different ‘fair wage’ dimensions, including living wages, minimum wages, prevailing wages, social dialogue, the payment of working hours and the evolution of wages in accordance with prices, enterprise performance and changes in technology and human capital. Paper prepared for the Better Work conference, 26-28 October 2011, Washington DC. Data have been collected through the 2010 auditing process of the Fair Labor Association (FLA). I would like to thank Kenan Ercel, Patrick Kigongo, Jorge Perez-Lopez and Auret van Heerden for their kind cooperation. All the views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the views of the ILO or of the FLA. 1 2 Responsible for Wage policies, International Labour Office; and Professor at Sciences Po, Paris. INTRODUCTION A number of reports and press media have highlighted over the last few years the wage...
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...Identify a global organization with a multinational presence. *Nike Identify and research a cultural issue that affects this organization's interactions outside the United States. Define the issue and provide an overview of how became an issue in the organization. Prepare an analysis of the ethical and social responsibility issues your organization must deal with as a result of being global. Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper summarizing the results of the analysis. Include the following: • Identify ethical perspectives in the global organization. • Compare these perspectives across cultures involved in the organization. • Describe a viable solution for this issue that could be acceptable by all stakeholders. Introduction: The Nike Corporation In today’s economy, there are several corporation that use multinational tactics in order to make their business strive and successful. A great benefit of multinational corporations is that it helps create wealth and jobs around the world. These corporations also offer much needed foreign currency for developing economies. However, there are many disadvantages such as multinational companies have monopoly power which enables them to make excess profit and pushing local shops off the map. A global multinational company that is very recognized and popular around the world is The Nike Corporation. The Nike Corporation was originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS). It was founded in January 1964 by Philip Knight...
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...Sri Lanka | Diversified Holdings Initiation of coverage EQUITY RESEARCH 5 September 2013 CT Holdings PLC (CTHR) Cashing in on consumption growth CT Holdings (CTHR) is the fourth-largest Sri Lankan diversified company by market capitalization. The company holds controlling interests in Cargills (CSE ticker: CARG, CTHR’s 70%-owned food retail company), the country’s largest chain of supermarkets, as well as in several companies in the food processing, restaurant, real estate, entertainment and financial services sectors. We expect CTHR’s revenues from continuing operations to post an 11.1% CAGR over FY14E-FY16E and net margin to expand 40bps to 2.3% by FY16E. Rising disposable income should continue to boost consumer demand and benefit Sri Lanka’s modern food retail market, driving CTHR’s retail and wholesale distribution segment (84% of revenue in FY13) at an 8.8% CAGR over FY14EFY16E. We expect margins to benefit from higher food sales and economies of scale in food processing. However, high finance costs resulting from CTHR’s recent spate of acquisitions may pressure earnings. We arrive at a valuation range of LKR126-153 for CTHR, compared with the current share price of LKR140, as at 4 September 2013. Sri Lanka’s organized food retail penetration grew to 15% in 2012 from 10% in 2004. This growth was supported by rising disposable income (12.6% CAGR over 2010-2012) and a slowly increasing preference for shopping at modern retail outlets. However, penetration remains lower...
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...Business Plan Name ID 1. Executive Summary This report aims to provide a business plan for DBG Company’s establishment and the early stage, which is a distance education and ICT service company. The investment project is significantly potential in Philippine. It shows clearly that the company will recover within four years. Also, there is a great profit for the long-term consideration. The report begins with background of the entrepreneurial venture, and then analysis about creating the new business’s factors which consist of: management problem, marketing issue, rivalry analysis, financial estimate, risks and potential challenges involved. This business plan submits to a risky capitalist, and to fund from capitalist which in favor of the DBG Company. Table of contents 1. Executive Summary 1 2. Introduction 1 3. Description of Entrepreneurial Venture 2 4. Management 2 5. Marketing 3 6. Competitor analysis 3 7. Financial Analysis 4 8. Key risks and challenge 7 9. Conclusion 7 10. Bibliography 8 2. Introduction The development of ICT Information and Communications Technology, known as ICT, not only include telecommunication, IT and media in a broad sense, but also various kinds of video industries, transmission and networking that relied on monitoring and control functions (Smith, 2008). As an essential term of many academic institutes, ICT is thought to be the extended version...
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...Journal of Cleaner Production 12 (2004) 1037–1045 www.elsevier.com/locate/jclepro On the industrial ecology potential in Asian Developing Countries Anthony S.F. Chiu a,Ã, Geng Yong b a b Graduate School of Business, De La Salle University, Tatt Avenue, Manila, Philippines Institute for Eco-planning and Development, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China Abstract This paper focuses on the current situation in the adaptation and adoption of industrial ecology in Asian Developing Countries (ADCs). The objective of this paper is to consider the possibilities to develop an eco-industrial development (EID) strategy for these developing countries. We review the regional indigenous resources of ADCs and use the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) grouping to classify the preconditions of industrial ecology in ADCs. The authors of this paper argue that unlike the usual way of applying industrial ecology as a technical tool or a practical instrument, ADCs need to adopt industrial ecology as a strategic vision and as a strategic approach to plan the economic, social and ecological development of their national economies. In this way, it can be possible for the ADCs to avoid the same problems that occurred when the developed countries experienced industrialization and rapid economic growth, and move toward more sustainable development. # 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: Industrial ecology; Eco-industrial development; Eco-industrial...
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...Introduction This article analyzes and assesses the current status of living-standards in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries and examines emerging trends. The discussion concentrates on access, labor law, wage rate of workers, private enterprise, and future prospects of living-standards of workers in each country. Seven South Asian countries Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka—launched the economic and political organization SAARC on 8 December 1985. Afghanistan joined it in April 2007. SAARC provides a platform for working together in a spirit of friendship, trust, and understanding to accelerate economic and social development, including education, in South Asian countries. Human resource development is one of five areas of cooperation agreed on by the member countries. In terms of population, the SAARC region covers nearly 1,500 million people, one of the largest such regional organizations. SAARC countries share certain common social and economic problems, including those related comparison between wage rate and living-standards of workers. Raising wages: an urgent imperative A wage that's enough to meet basic needs and to provide some discretionary income - what's not to like? In the past decade, retailers and brands have made some progress in getting their suppliers to pay their workers their statutory entitlements - in other words, the prevailing minimum wage plus any pension contributions, sickness...
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...Public Disclosure Authorized ... ........ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.- ..........~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ .... ~ ~ . :~ .......... ..... :. s~: ... - Public Disclosure Authorized a ........ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~. ................. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .... - ........ ........... _ - Public Disclosure Authorized .... .... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.... -,// ... ..... ...... 1 I ... . .... .. ..... I 9~~~~~~~... . . .. .. .. . .. A ~~ ~~~~...... Public Disclosure Authorized ..... The WorldBankis committed knowledgesharingwhichinvolvesnot only the Bank's to communities practiceand their partners,but the entire development of community. processof A knowledge management essentialto makesense out of and act upon the vast quantitiesof is information available today.Still in the earlystagesof implementation, knowledge management is expectedto changethe internaloperationof the WorldBankand transformthe organization's relationships with externalclients,partnersand stakeholders, becominga key way of doing businessin the 21stCentury. Giventhe speedof globalchangeand the value of learningfromongoingactivities, Urban the Development Divisionand GlobalUrbanPartnership the WorldBankare committed of to communicating resultsof the Bank'surbanworkto the development the communityas quickly and clearlyas possible. Towardthat end, this informalor...
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...An Evaluation of the Tax System in Bangladesh Ahsan H. Mansur, PRI Mohammad Yunus, BIDS Presentation Outline Salient Features of Bangladesh’s Current Tax System, Trends in Growth and Revenue Structure VAT System of Bangladesh: Performance, Recent/Past Reforms, Revenue Potential, structural and administrative deficiencies, and alleviating measures Discussions on personal and corporate income tax systems have been covered in this study, but not discussed in detail in in this presentation due to time constraint. Finally the presentation assess the scope for further reforms that the authorities may consider in order to gain more buoyancy in revenue generation POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF BANGLADESH 01 Introduction: Salient Features of Bangladesh’s Current Tax System Notwithstanding the various fiscal reforms of the recent past, Bangladesh Tax system continues to suffer from a number of major weaknesses: • • • • • • • • Low Level of Revenue Mobilisation Regressive Nature of Taxation (especially VAT) High Tax Incidence Low Tax Base High Degree of Tax Evasion Limited Administrative Capacity Resource Constraints (Human and Logistics) Cumbersome Legal Procedures 02 POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF BANGLADESH Growth Trends and Revenue Structure of Bangladesh Over the past years total revenue and tax receipts as % of GDP have increased – from 6.5% and 5.5% respectively in FY1982 to 10.9% and 9.0% respectively in FY2010. Tax receipts roughly generate...
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...Does Saving really matter for Growth in Developing Countries? The Case of a Small Open Economy Olajide S. Oladipo, PhD Department of Economics and Finance School of Business, Medgar Evers College 1637 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11225 Email: ooladipo@ mec.cuny.edu Abstract The study employed the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) and Dolado and Lutkepohl (1996) – TYDL- methodology to uncover the direction of causal relationship between savings and economic growth in Nigeria between 1970 and 2006. The empirical results suggest that savings and economic growth are positively cointegrated indicating a stable long run equilibrium relationship. Further, the findings revealed a unidirectional causality between savings and economic growth and the complementary role of FDI in growth. Keywords: Cointegration, FDI, Savings and Economic Growth JEL Classification: C32; E21;O11 Does Saving really matter for Growth in Developing Countries? The Case of a Small Open Economy Introduction The relationship between savings and economic growth has received increased attention in recent years especially in developed and emerging economies [see Bacha (1990), DeGregorio (1992), Levine and Renelt (1992), and Jappelli and Pagano (1994)]. This might not be unconnected to the central underpinning of Lewis’s (1955) traditional development theory that increasing savings would accelerate economic growth. Research efforts by Kaldor (1956) and Samuelson and Modigliani (1966) examined how different savings...
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...An Evaluation of the Tax System in Bangladesh Ahsan H. Mansur, PRI Mohammad Yunus, BIDS Presentation Outline Salient Features of Bangladesh’s Current Tax System, Trends in Growth and Revenue Structure VAT System of Bangladesh: Performance, Recent/Past Reforms, Revenue Potential, structural and administrative deficiencies, and alleviating measures Discussions on personal and corporate income tax systems have been covered in this study, but not discussed in detail in in this presentation due to time constraint. Finally the presentation assess the scope for further reforms that the authorities may consider in order to gain more buoyancy in revenue generation POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF BANGLADESH 01 Introduction: Salient Features of Bangladesh’s Current Tax System Notwithstanding the various fiscal reforms of the recent past, Bangladesh Tax system continues to suffer from a number of major weaknesses: • • • • • • • • Low Level of Revenue Mobilisation Regressive Nature of Taxation (especially VAT) High Tax Incidence Low Tax Base High Degree of Tax Evasion Limited Administrative Capacity Resource Constraints (Human and Logistics) Cumbersome Legal Procedures 02 POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF BANGLADESH Growth Trends and Revenue Structure of Bangladesh Over the past years total revenue and tax receipts as % of GDP have increased – from 6.5% and 5.5% respectively in FY1982 to 10.9% and 9.0% respectively in FY2010. Tax receipts roughly generate...
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...International Comparative Trends in Collective Bargaining Susan Hayter Collective Representation, Coverage & Scope As Figure 1 shows, trade union membership has declined in many countries. There are a number of reasons for this. First, structural changes in labour markets, involving a decline in the share of manufacturing in total employment and increase in the share of services, eroded the traditional membership base of trade unions. In some regions, the dramatic decline in public sector employment as a result of structural adjustment and privatization had a detrimental effect on union membership. Second, legal reforms introduced in some countries prohibited compulsory unionisation (closed shops) and encouraged individual contracts. Third, the increase in international competition as a result of globalization undermined the bargaining power of trade unions and strengthened the hand of management. Finally, the growth of non-standard forms of employment, for example part-time or fixed-term contracts put a brake on union Trade union membership has declined in many countries. Collective bargaining is a key means for improving wages and conditions of work and for regulating employment relations. Integration into global markets has intensified competition. In response, enterprises sought to be more flexible by introducing new forms of work organization and changing their employment practices. These changes present important challenges for collective bargaining. Collective bargaining...
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...Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade Working Paper Series, No. 99, April 2011 Utility of Regional Trade Agreements: Experience from India’s Regionalism by Sejuti Jha* * PhD Scholar, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, New Delhi. The author is grateful to Biswajit Nag, Rajan Sudesh Ratna and Mia Mikic for valuable comments. The paper benefited from the comments received from the participants at the second Empirical Issues in International Trade and Finance conference, organized by IIFT at New Delhi, 16-17 December 2010. The opinion, figures and estimates are the sole responsibility of the author and should not be considered as reflecting the views or carrying the approval of the United Nations, ARTNeT and the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade. Any errors are the responsibility of the author, who can be contacted at sejuti.jha@gmail.com. The Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade (ARTNeT) is aimed at building regional trade policy and facilitation research capacity in developing countries. The ARTNeT Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about trade issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. ARTNeT working papers are available online at www.artnetontrade.org. All material in the working papers may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgment is requested, together with a copy of the publication containing...
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...described the brand reputation of the company and its difficulties in expansion on different culture market respectively. Moreover, opportunities and threats is further been analysed into the growing demand of market and increasing labour cost in Mainland China. Furthermore, a TOWS matrix is created and potential strategic is strongly analysed based on the SWOT analysis. As such, it also look into strategic for Shangri-La Asia Limited (SLA) in overcoming the difficulties in culture difference and taking advantage of its brand reputation for expansion. Lastly, strategic such as being cost effective and revising job description of position is been look into. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 3 Analysis 4 Company Overview 4 Company History 4 SWOT 5 Strength 5 Strong brand image and reputation 5 Business geographically diversified in Asia-Pacific 6 Weakness 7 Difficult in expanding market across different culture market 7 Increasing indebtedness 8 Opportunities 9 Growing demand for hospitality industry 9 New hotel openings to improve market...
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...Strengthening the Ombudsman Institution in Asia Improving Accountability in Public Service Delivery through the Ombudsman About the Asian Development Bank ADB’s vision is an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Despite the region’s many successes, it remains home to two-thirds of the world’s poor: 1.8 billion people who live on less than $2 a day, with 903 million struggling on less than $1.25 a day. ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration. Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance. Strengthening the Ombudsman Institution in Asia Accountability is essential for good governance, and in many Asian countries the ombudsman is the key accountability institution. Originating in the West, the concept of the ombudsman arrived relatively late in Asia. Yet more and more ombudsman offices are being established in Asia, and they play a critical role in the fight against incompetence and injustice on the part of government officials. This report presents in-depth research on Asian ombudsmen, with a focus on best practices and emerging issues, especially in the context...
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