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清洁刀刃剃须刀
2010年8月9日,来自Paramount Health 和 Beauty Company 的经理坐在研究室观看12名男士在双面镜一旁剃须,目的是检测派拉蒙公司最新研发的可循环使用剃须刀的效果及谈论使用后的感受。结论非常振奋人心,多数男士认为此产品清洁简易方便,能迅速彻底地剃掉胡须,剃得更舒适贴面 Clean Edge 改良的设计应用了震动技术,增进了剃须刀的性能:既促进毛囊处血液血环,能迅速彻底地剃掉胡须。Jackson Randall, Clean Edge 产品经理,曾经引领产品研发,现在对于新产品的市场定位不知所措。所有经理都认为Clean Edge 迎战由剃须刀市场主要份额。然而,一些经理认为Clean Edge 应定为于那部分市场份额的主流部分,并支持新产品为市场上最有效率的产品。其他人认为应该实施差异化战略,目标消费者定位于超高级消费人群,派拉蒙公司决定在公司最鼎盛时期,将此高科技产品引入男士市场,随后扩充到女性消费人群。 Stuart Quimby,作为美国派拉蒙公司仪容部执行官,力劝Randall组建了一个“可循环使用剃须刀”项目团队来解决市场定位,品牌推广,市场预算等问题。Randall 考虑到他自身更了解该产品,便决定推广clean edge 的最好途径,并以该战略的好处说服老板。
美国剃须刀市场前景
美国剃须刀市场分为以下几种类别:可循环使用剃须刀,非可循环使用剃须刀,替芯剃须刀,刮胡刀,脱毛剃须刀。Clean Edge 在替芯剃须刀和可循环使用剃须刀范畴内竞争。自2007到2010年间,可循环使用剃须刀以每年5%速度增长,替芯剃须刀以每年2%速度增长。市场份额增长很大程度上归结为创新和新产品的引入。
市场分类与消费者行为
最近,基于价格和质量的考虑,本行业市场专家把替芯剃须刀和可循环使用剃须刀市场分为三部分,基本,适中,超高性能市场。由于技术进步,在上一个十年整个行业在超高性能市场方面有重大突破, 09年派拉蒙研究表明:消费者购买刮胡刀和替芯式剃须刀比先前几年更频繁。广告和舆论文章表明更换剃须刀片的益处使消费者更换剃须刀的周期缩短了。 除了传统性价比的分类方法,派拉蒙以产品益处和消费者行为作为分类标准,此分类对于男性和女性都适用。

趋势
替芯剃须刀和可循环使用剃须刀新产品的引进近年来有所加快。从2008年到2009年,一场史无前例的22种新产品引进风暴被掀起。几乎大部分新引进的产依赖于技术上的进展,他们的市场定位在超高性能市场。
因为新产品的引进,而且为了提高需求,所有用在这一领域的媒体和广告支出的费用快速增加,增速比零售市场快很多,而且这种趋势很有可能持续下去。图表2提供了主流品牌的媒体宣传支出费用和派拉蒙公司可循环使用剃须刀和替芯剃须刀广告支出的突破,详见图表3。
总之,由于新产品的引进,很多分销店扩大此类产品的货架空间。从剃须刀的购买频率上讲,它还不足以成为招徕客户的商品。但是从零售的利润上讲,此类产品还是高于其他个人护理产品。产品的配送从传统的食物和药店开始。2000年,食品店买完了所有的剃须刀,但是2009年,它们只卖出了总量的42%。展览4总结了零售企业2007年到2010年期间分销渠道的变化。

男性专用产品似乎是这个产业的闪光点。最近的趋势显示男性的日常整装不止步于刮完脸后的冲水。那些如男性身体喷雾、芳香淋浴凝胶和护肤品系列的新产品在近几年数量猛增。男性专用个人护肤产品的发展速度远超女性护肤品市场,它们渐渐成为主流。媒体也越来越多的关注男性仪表,这一细分会是很好的增长点。

公司概况

派拉蒙是一个全球消费品生产巨头。09年世界总销售量达到130亿美元,总利润为70亿美元。公司分有保健部门,清洁部门,美容部门,装饰部门。派拉蒙在1962年进入剃须刀市场并且迅速成为有影响力的品牌

竞争对手

剃须刀市场的竞争包括直接的同产品竞争对手和替代品的竞争。一次性剃须刀“湿”刮的体验,但它主要迎合的是有每次使用都要新刀片的价值导向的消费者。一次性剃须刀靠便宜的价格和低技术需求与非一次性的竞争。电动剃须刀占有现代整个市场的27%. 虽然它没发像一次成型剃须刀那样提供湿的感觉,但它更容易操作,对皮肤的损伤也小。所以年龄大的消费者非常喜欢。其他替代品还有脱毛膏、蜡膜、激光除毛等。

2010年,非一次性剃须刀市场被三个跨国公司瓜分:派拉蒙、Prince 和Benet&Klein。新的进入者像Radiance健康保健公司和Simpson,都是已经像亨利的个人护理产品公司。他们最近在这一领域的竞争增加了强度。其他小型的公司就填满了剩下的市场份额。这些竞争者主要以价格在价值细分市场竞争。表5展示了主要竞争者的市场份额详情,表6展示了每个品牌有代表性的产品价格。

Prince-prince在世界范围内加工和销售个人护理产品,公司主要经营口腔护理和皮肤护理产品,剃须系列产品和除臭剂。自1950年起Prince在可循环使用剃须刀领域一直处于领先地位,在2009年在零售销量层面上位居首位,Prince销售的可循环使用剃须刀和替芯式剃须刀是以Cogent 和cogent plus为品牌名称的。两者都是超高性能产品,在2009年,两者的收入接近2.24亿美元营业收益4500万美元。2009年,派拉蒙剃须刀和可替换软刀片的销售在美国创造了170亿美元的收入,9200万美元的总利润和2600万美元可执行利润。派拉蒙现在有两条产品主线——派拉蒙pro定位于现代产品市场,派拉蒙avail用来展示品牌价值。但是这两条主线在近五年都没有引进重要的创新技术。它们共同在09年夺下了23.3%的零售市场份额,成为市场先锋。

B&K—这是一家美容与保健领域的公司,主要制造和销售维生素,化妆品,剃须系列,护肤系列,护发系列,清香剂。B&K品牌Vitric在1985年首先进入可循环使用剃须刀领域。B&K在2009年把新的可循环使用剃须刀和替芯式剃须刀产业链公布于众。先进的润滑条,防滑手柄,不锈钢刀片。
New Entrants—在2009年8月1号,Simpsons应用它的除臭品牌,Tempst研发了一种新的可循环使用剃须刀。它应用了先进的枢轴,使产品更加简洁方便。Radiance计划把它的除臭品牌,Naiv,引进可替换剃须刀市场Naiv 添加了一个同Clean EDGE类似的震动性能。Palamount 执行官们了解到Naiv剃须刀要在2010年9月投入市场。在试销市场中,Naiv占用13%的市场份额。Exibit5中显示了2010年市场份额的估测信息。基于Radiance对过去新产品的经验,paramount认为该产品会很成功。Paramount 市场部经理估测Radiance将花费1.6亿美金在媒体上,作为2010年Naiv投入市场的宣传。但是此举动也有很多谣言。最近,Radiance和Paramount将在个人护理的许多领域成为竞争者。

设计和测试

2007年,派拉蒙公司首席执行官组建了一个“可循环使用剃须刀”项目团队,致力于研发技术创新,并为派拉蒙公司在此领域提供一个卓越的新产品。该团队由兰德尔领衔,包括来自R&D公司,市场部门以及声场部门的代表。该团队评估了几种设计后,决定震动力强,超薄的五叶片设计(又名清洁刀刃)是派拉蒙公司想要建立创新领导地位的革命性产品。把一节AAA号电池放入剃须刀的手柄后就足以产生能够刺激人体毛囊的震动。除此之外,更大,更重的剃须刀手柄有助于剃须时更好控制平衡和握力,先进的超薄刀片设计减少了对皮肤的刺激。在十八个月时间内,公司做了大量的临床研究和顾客调查。临床实验表明,和其他普遍流行的非一次性剃须刀相比,清洁刀刃剃须刀在剃须方面效率增长了25%。实验还证明了其能改善皮肤整体状况,例如改变肤色以及提高肤质。 兰德尔公司主要负责发展和测试过程,而目前目标锁定在了产品开发上。高级主管已经决定清洁刀刃剃须刀会由品牌推广部门定价。男士剃须刀的将于2011年2月面世,而女性剃刀也会紧随其后。目前面临的问题是如何将清洁刀刃剃须刀打进市场。

品牌推广 在推广部门,兰德尔有两个选择:一是将清洁刀刃剃须刀定位成一个为专业要求高,并且正在寻找顶级剃须体验的男士所设计的品牌;二是强调其宽泛的优点,即它可以提供最深层次的剃须。兰德尔和市场部以及生产部进行了磋商,对两种选择进行了财政预算。Exhibit7总结了兰德尔的设想和预计。

想要全面估计每种品牌推广选择的收入,兰德尔知道还需要考虑品牌替换的影响。在最近的市场地位分析会上,兰德尔和派拉蒙公司新任的市场部经理,以及派拉蒙公司产品经理就次问题进行了激烈的讨论。新雇佣市场部经理就是要在非一次性剃须刀产品领域注入新的观点和看法。产品经理在过去的二十年里一直在剃须刀行业享有盛誉,而且在此行业有很重要的政治资本。

当提出清洁剃须刀的推广问题时,产品经理(Rosenberg)说“我不敢相信我们会考虑大众化的产品推广策略。这样做会使公司丢失一大批顾客。大众化的宣传策略会削弱我们主打品牌的品牌作用。我们最后将自己毁了自己。注重精细的策略更有意义。这样做可以完美地配合我们现有的品牌组合。”

Kim认为Rosenberg过于担心自己的利益二并没有考虑到公司整体利益。他回答说:“Albert,调查显示顾客们变得越来越精明而且期待更多先进的科技。Pro并没有提供这些。Pro已经处在这个产品的巅峰期。看到它销量下滑只是一个时间的问题。把清洁刀刃剃须刀作为主打品牌可以减少皇家派拉蒙的顾客被其他更加有创新力的品牌吸引走的几率。皇家刀刃剃须刀有真正主导市场的实力,因此需要进行这样的市场推广。”

兰德尔还不确定产品替换的真正后果,但是产品从派拉蒙其他产品业对产品的开发来看,大量的销售清洁刀刃剃须刀可能会影响派拉蒙Pro and Avail的销售。兰德尔的团队花了当量的时间在产品替换的可能前景上做调查。他们估计如果采用主打品牌推广策略,将有60%的Pro/Avail顾客会购买清洁刀刃剃须刀。如果采取精简的推广策略,将会由35%的Pro/Avail顾客会购买清洁刀刃剃须刀。

品牌决定

兰德尔还没有决定是否要将“派拉蒙”和“清洁刀刃剃须刀”的名字印在包装上或者用作广告宣传。他和一些主管非正式地讨论过了两种选择。那些觉得这个设计在次行业是一个重大的突破的主管们认为产品应该和现在的运营线分开,他们强调清洁刀刃剃须刀这一品牌(例如清洁刀刃剃须刀是由派拉蒙制造)。很多持反对态度的主管认为派拉蒙的名字应该得到最大的资金支持,由于其和公司整体策略—打造派拉蒙品牌相一致。他们倾向于使用“派拉蒙清洁剃须刀”这一商品名。重点组透露两种概念下的名字都收到了广泛的支持。兰德尔深知他的决定会对顾客在两种品牌中个倾向那一个品牌产生重大的影响。这种影响直接决定品牌替代的速度。

市场预算

派拉蒙还没有决定如果在整体市场预算需要增加,如何将清洁刀刃剃须刀融入非一次性剃须刀产业,如何重新分配市场预算。在2010年的预算中,4.83亿美元的总预算中,有2.02亿用作广告,2.81亿用作顾客和贸易的促销。兰德尔意识到调控委员会正在寻求控制各个产品领域市场开销的方法。如果2011年的预算保持稳定,重新分配预算就势在必行。兰德尔认为如何分配预算取决于销售量的比率,但这并不足以保证清洁刀刃剃须刀可以大摇大摆地投入市场。成功地开发清洁刀刃剃须刀需要大量的资金作为保障。然而Rosenberg已经发起运动来保护自己的财政拨款。Rosenberg已经明确了自己的立场,派拉蒙Pro是公司剃须刀线的核心品牌,正因为如此才需要维持现有的拨款。

想要获得Exhibit 7所提供地预算, 兰德尔估计第一年清洁刀刃剃须刀简约品牌推广战略总共需要1500万美元。想要达到主打品牌的销售量,第一年需要投入4200万美元。兰德尔很明白把清洁刀刃剃须刀作为主打品牌需要更多充足的财政支持。在第一年,主打品牌方案的剃须刀销量比简约品牌剃须刀销售方案的销量高出三倍多,达到一样的销售量需要更多的广告活动。除此之外,大量的促销活动是必须的但是许多和这样活动有关的花费是由销量决定的。想要吸引更多的消费者尝试,就必须要考虑促销。打折优惠卷(例如一美元优惠)是促销策略和推广策略的重要部分。套装购买再赠一个剃须刀的优惠也同样应该提倡。兰德尔估计这种推销大约会花费400万美元,包含了在Exhibit 7中主打品牌开发的市场预算预想。即使所有产品部门预算有所增加,也会被严加监管,兰德尔认为这可能是最好的方法。

结论

兰德尔的勇气告诉他清洁刀刃剃须刀在创意部具有巨大的主打潜能。他认为震动,超薄的叶片会成为男士剃须刀业的新标准而且会迅速赢得大众欢迎。然而,兰德尔必须站在公司整体利益的角度考虑最佳推广方案。他知道派拉蒙Pro的产品经理Rosenberg会极力反对主打推销,但是他必须考虑一两年的简约推广方式是否会是一个更好的方式。兰德尔希望经济分析会帮助他找到正确的答案。他计划建立一个虚拟模式能够估算出将品牌代替的利益得失后果。兰德尔也意识到开发处理意不同情形的应急预案的重要性。在这个完成之后,他可以更加慎重地对市场开发做出决定,然后开始确定品牌名和预算。

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