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World War 1 Innovations

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Submitted By loomidg
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World War I Innovations and the Realities of the War as seen by Wilfred Owen
The adoption and increased use of innovative weapons changed the way World War I was fought compared to previous wars. The Indian Wars of 1865 to 1891 saw use of fairly basic weapons. Bows and arrows, pistols, rifles, tomahawks, knives made from bone, and war clubs created from animal jawbones were all popular weapons during that time. During the American Civil War, Union and Confederacy soldiers used knives, swords, handguns, rifled-muskets, and even though it was not as popular as a common rifle, the Gatling gun was used. The Spanish-American War of 1898 saw the use of the M1895 Colt-Browning machine gun. It was mounted on horse drawn carriages and tripods, and had a slow rate of fire. It was not until World War I that weapons such as machine guns, tanks, and mustard gas were used.
The machine gun was every effective during World War I. A machine gun could fire over 600 bullets in one minute and on the opening day of the battle of the Somme the British suffered 60,000 casualties in a single day because of the machine gun fire. The Germans had plenty of machine guns as they had been anticipating the war for some time. The British battalions were only issued with two machine guns so this was another reason for the devastation at the battle of the Somme. The machine gun itself was also fairly small in size which made it very difficult for the opposition to destroy. It was also heavy and easily overheated. One machine gun could do the work of over 60 rifles and when the guns were set up together it created a good defense. Another reason that the machine gun was so effective was that while weapons were different than previous wars, the tactics used had not changed. Soldiers would all come out of a trench in the ground at one time and attempt to charge the enemy, as they had done previously.

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