...David Hume David Hume Cornelia Roberts-Pryce Cornelroberts@yahoo.com Content David Hume Abstract TCO 4 -Given the intellectual climate of post-WWI Europe, analyze the emergence of the philosophies of existentialism and logical positivism based upon the principles of modern humanism According to lecture 1, the Enlightenment was characterized by a questioning of current beliefs (including religious belief) and customs and a turn towards the benefits of science. People today think that democracy is a direct outgrowth of Enlightenment thinking but Hume, Locke, Voltaire, and others did not think that the general public was able to reason and that it could or should not be educated (Stromberg, 1994). Introduction The purpose of this paper is to discuss the contributions of David Hume (1711-76) to the period of history during the enlightenment age developing theories of the doctrine of Empiricism. There are two doctrines which follow this principle. The first doctrine is that most, if not all, concepts are ultimately derived from experience; the second is that most, if not all, knowledge derives from experience, in the sense that appeals to experience are necessarily involved in its justification. Neither doctrine implies the other. Hume belongs to the tradition of British empiricism that includes Francis Bacon (1561-1626), John Locke (1632-1704), and George Berkeley (1685-1753). Common to this tradition is the view that knowledge is founded...
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...Britain say – “GO!”” During the First World War posters were used as a way to spread propaganda. It was meant to encourage men to go to war, and women to help on the factories while their husbands were fighting for their country. One of these propaganda posters is called “Women of Britain say – “GO!””. It was painted by E. J. Kealey in 1915. E. J. Kealey was an artist for the First World War British army recruitment campaign. Description of the poster The poster pictures a woman and her two children, standing in a window and watching as a group of soldiers leaves for war. The woman holds the older child’s hand over her heart and the younger one holds on tight to his sister’s dress. Their facial expressions are painful and their eyes are filled with longing. The woman and children is placed centrally in the photo. They are standing inside the house while the men is outside and with their backs turned to the woman and the children. For the viewer, this creates a sense of being inside the house with the woman and the children and it makes us feel more related to them. Women’s role in war The message of the poster is directed to both women and men. It is meant to encourage men to join the army and go to war. It pictures the greatest motivation for enlisting: protecting women and children. But also, it is directed to the women of the British soldiers. The propaganda posters were meant to entice women to join the factory industry in the war. Of course it did not represent the...
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...Propaganda During World War I By Khaled Almuaigel A week after the congress approved of the war declaration that brought the US into The World War I, President Woodrow Wilson signed an executive order that created the Committee on Public Information which was a government agency to advertise and mobilize public opinion on the war effort . This committee was presided by then famous journalist and a political ally of Wilson’s, George Creel. Under creels leadership, the committee had over 150,000 full time employees and volunteers who had affected the lives of every citizen of the United States. The Committee on Public Information was responsible...
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...Propaganda is subjective information used to further a particular agenda, especially political views during wartime. They usually take the form of posters, but can also be cartoons, pamphlets, or websites. Historically, propaganda has been around for ages, used to sway an audience towards a belief or set of beliefs. Propaganda during World War I had several main themes: to recruit soldiers, to finance the war, and to spark nationalism. Without propaganda being fed to the masses, WWI would not have occurred on the same level as it did with the use of propaganda. The first way in which propaganda was used in the First World War was to get men to join the military in their respective countries. One recruitment poster features a father sitting in a chair with his daughter on his lap and his son by his feet. At the bottom, it says “Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?” The girl appears to be asking the question to her father, who is staring off into space. This, to me, suggests he did not serve in the war and feels regret for not doing so. This piece of propaganda appeals to the desire to leave behind a legacy. Traditionally, men were the protectors of their families, and to not fight for his country leaves a feeling of shame. The creators of this poster wanted to guilt men into feeling as though they had to serve in order to be the man society expects them to be....
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...------------------------------------------------- How Propaganda Swayed the Public Opinion During World War I Rachel Corona Abstract World War 1 proved America to be the nation producing the highest amount of propaganda. Through his use of propaganda President Wilson was able to draw American Support for the war. Despite his being elected as the “peace” president. Many Americans believed he’d keep them out of the war, especially after he stated that, “so far as I can remember, this is a government of the people, and this people is not going to choose war.” Before his election, Wilson promoted American neutrality. He pushed for what he believed his Americans wanted. However, through his employment of propaganda, Woodrow Wilson was able to convince the American people to join the ranks, he persuaded Americans into accepting rations for food, he involved women in the war effort, he was even able to sway them into buying government bonds (liberty bonds) to fund the war. In the end, through his use of propaganda, President Woodrow Wilson was ironically able to change the popular American opinion and convince Americans to support World War 1. Propaganda, as defined by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary is the “spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person.” It is always biased towards a view or idea. Governments employ propaganda to sway public opinions towards supporting a cause. The use of propaganda became very popular in...
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...During Jessie Pope’s “Who’s for the Game?” the speaker reveals the use of propaganda during World War I to encourage young men to join the war. The propaganda used by governments during the war was manipulative for the governments to enlist more men. The speaker uses sports dialect to enhance the propaganda by comparing war to a sports game to appeal to the lower classes. The speaker also focuses on how this propaganda appealed to their masculinity and to how women would look at them. Thus, by appealing to young men’s desire for women, they could be exploited for the war. Pope's composition of the use of propaganda during World War I exposes the strategic manipulation of young men and their passion for sports, women and grit to encourage them...
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...Propaganda, Media, and the Making of a President August 27, 2010 COM/220 Propaganda, Media, and the Making of a President August 27, 2010 COM/220 Propaganda, Media, and the Making of a President Dr. Joseph Goebbels Dr. Joseph Goebbels The use of propaganda is as popular today for swaying public opinion as it was from 1933 to 1945 in war ravaged Germany. If Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels were alive today, he would be proud to see his propaganda machine being utilized by the U.S. Government to manipulate the masses and used by political parties to elect presidents. From mass print to the “tenth great power” the internet, the persons in control manipulate the masses and systematically destroy our freedoms to truthful information. World War II Propaganda Poster World War II Propaganda Poster In 1938 Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels, filled the airwaves with propaganda that led to absolute control of the mass media to the Nazi Party and its Propaganda machine. It was about control, if you control what the masses hear and see, then you control the masses. Goebbels referred to the radio as the “Eighth Great Power”. Through mass exploitation of the media, and control of incoming and outgoing information, propaganda stands as the most effective form of control over swaying public opinion. “Propaganda has been practiced since earliest times, but modern mass media has made it much easier to appeal to wide domestic and foreign audiences” (Hutchinson...
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...Propaganda in the Second SinoJapanese War Submitted by Justin Choo How was propaganda utilised by China and Japan in the Second SinoJapanese War? Attacking the mind was an incredibly important Chinese military strategy and is highlighted in ‘孙⼦子兵法’1, a military treatise written by a high ranking military strategist, Sun Tzu. Propaganda was critical in keeping up the civilians’ spirits and preventing them from waning support which ultimately proved to be the ace in China’s victory against Japan. For example, the Chinese government imposed a strict media blackout on the whole nation throughout the Sino-Japanese War. The Japanese did not lack in this area of warfare either and held their own against the Chinese. Three main principles were instilled in citizens to assist the ruling government then. They are 国体, ⼋八紘⼀一宇 and 武⼠士道2 and ingrained the belief that the war was holy and that Japan would emerge victorious at the end no matter what kind of obstacles they may come across. The use of propaganda may differ considerably between these two nations at war but the results were exactly what the government had in mind - elevating the statuses of those who die for their country and glorifying the act of self sacrifice as patriotic. Japanese Propaganda Kokutai, literally “national body”, is translated simply as ‘sovereignty’ and in wartime Japan meant the Emperor’s sovereignty. Basically, the qualities that make a Japanese “Japanese”. The Ministry of Education then...
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...In response to the United States entering World War 1 on April 6, 1917, it was important that they recruit troops and prepare the correct equipment required for war. When we declared war, the Government needed to persuade Americans to invest in the war, both financially and emotionally. With that being said, the Government tried really hard to make the citizens think a certain thing. Thus being called propaganda. One of the most popular themes of the propaganda posters were liberty bonds. As one advertisement says, “Beat back the Hun with Liberty Bonds.” In this poster, there is a German soldier with menacing eyes and bloody fingers creeping on the Atlantic. The purpose of this propaganda poster was to encourage Americans to invest in the...
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...American Propaganda and the Suppression of Dissent in World War I “May we never confuse honest dissent with disloyal subversion. “ – Dwight D. Eisenhower On June 28, 1914, the Archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated. That event marked the first phase of World War I (Grayzel 10). Soon afterward nations throughout Europe announced declarations of war. By the end of October countries as far away as Japan, China and Brazil had become involved (Grayzel 11). Susan R. Grayzel in the “Introduction: The First World War and the Making of a Modern, Global Conflict” from The First World War: A Brief History with Documents”, explores a variety of contributing reasons for the Great War (Grayzel 9). The causes most often cited included the rise of nationalism, increased militarism, imperialism, and a willingness among the population to allow their governments to persecute a war (Grayzel 9-10). Ironically, it was a complicated series of competitive alliances and international peace agreements that caused such a rapid global escalation of hostilities (Grayzel 5). With its vast immigrant population, and their own ties to European and Asian interests, America was not immune to finding itself dragged into the war. Hence, during the first years of the war, President Woodrow Wilson struggled to maintain neutrality. So much so that he issued a declaration of neutrality to Congress on August 14, 1914. In his speech he entreated Americans to remember, “Every...
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...difference between wartime propaganda and peacetime advertising or politics? 2500 words. Introduction Propaganda is an art requiring special talent. It is not mechanical, scientific work. Influencing attitudes requires experience, area knowledge, and instinctive “judgment of what is the best argument for the audience”. No manual can guide the propagandist. He must have a good mind, genius, sensitivity and knowledge of how that audience thinks and reacts From this we can consider that propaganda is not something based solely on warfare or politics or advertising. The use of propaganda is virulent in peaceful societies not at war by virtue of bombarding the general public with advertising (Newspaper/Magazines/Radio/TV/Internet) for goods and services, political canvassing and promotional material (to channel social development and public opinion, to mold the population into following the the ideals of conflicting political ideologies). Does this contrast with the use of propaganda in wartime? The objective is obviously the same – to get the general populace to accept what the propaganda states and take appropriate action i.e. buy goods, vote for a party or support the war effort. Advertising and political propaganda continue to take place during the periods of War propaganda although the reverse is not generally true (or is reduced to recruitment advertising and maintaining armed deterrents). The method of delivery of the propaganda, in whichever age you choose...
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...World war 1 was a deadly and horrifying war that was fought in Europe, Africa, Asia and the Middle East. This blood thirsty war went for a long four years which stretched from 1914-1918 and cost many lives in our nation and world. Over 17 million people died and 20 million were wounded. Because of this huge amount of casualties, conscription was a very big debate all over the world, especially in Australia. During world war 1, Australians were divided by the call for conscription to a large extent. This was because all Australians had different reasons and opinions for and against conscription, this led to many arguments within Australia. Propaganda was a widely used way to persuade people to vote for or against conscription and resulted in many debates in Australia....
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...to explain how propaganda and psychological warfare influences and manipulates people to make them support a country. I am going to show how the media works as the medium through which the governments spread their propaganda. The government manipulates masses using pamphlets, speeches, morality and priorities. This manipulation is done through the media. Media and subjects like censure are going to be discussed in this report. I will show how the Persian Gulf War can be set on as an example of the media spreading government propaganda and psychological warfare. This report also includes an analysis on propaganda and it’s denotative and connotative meanings. This report is also going to show us it’s effect and importance in our community and society. Whats Propaganda All of us, know about the horrors and the devastation that are a result of wars. Despite these horrors, we act indifferent towards war and it’s effect on the world community. Countries’ governments manage to manipulate us and make us think that their war actions against another nation, race or culture are well justified. Nations make the members of the society believe, that they are doing the right thing, and that this military action against a declared enemy is the most desirable thing to do in order to keep “the world’s stability and peace”. For this reason people say we are “meant” to help and serve our country, in it’s war against their enemy which changes into being our enemy too. Propaganda and psychological...
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...The post- World War 2 era in the United States introduced a seductive new form of mass communications. In 1946, there were about 17,000 television alone in the United States. In the span of seven years, more than two-thirds of the household had a television. The media rose in popularity exponentially after the invention of the radio. Thanks to the media, the United State’s gross national product doubled in the 1950’s and again in the 1960’s. Advertising and propaganda was blooming and thanks to the that, the typical U.S family owned a car and a house in the suburbs. Broadcast television was dominant in the mass media. The television media was owned by three major networks who was responsible for all the live events, sitcoms, and news that...
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...World War II was one of the most important historical periods of the Twentieth-Century. The causes, and consequences of the war helped historian understand the politics of the time as well as to observe the reactions from the different governments and citizens from all over the world. Though some historians recount the events from World War II from a general perspective and focus on the different military strategies and government policies, others discuss the individuals involved in the war and their influence on the causes and outcome of the war. Further on, historians tend to focus on the major leaders during the world: Churchill, Hitler, Roosevelt and De Gaulle. Nevertheless, some historians have paid close attention to those around these great leaders and discussed their influence over them and their respective government policies. Before the beginning of World War II, Adolf Hitler guided the Nazi party into power in Germany during the 1930’s. Hitler did not led Germany into war on its own, but with the help of a few close associates one of them being Joseph Goebbels. As one of the main directors of the Nazi Propaganda in Germany and other parts of Europe, Joseph Goebbels led Germany’s internal affairs during the war especially during the completion of most of Hitler’s objectives during his leadership. It is difficult to imagine Germany’s actions during the war without looking a Goebbels. He definitely changed the outcome of World War II by implementing public enlightenment...
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