...DBQ: What were the Underlying Causes of World War I? World War I was the first devastating war the world ever saw. From July 28, 1914, to November 11, 1918, over 17 million people died and 20 million more were wounded. The two main alliances that fought each other were called the allied powers and the central powers. The allied powers consisted of France, Great Britain, Russia, and America. While the central power consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire. Both the allied powers and central powers devoured each other. But, for what cost and why did this happen? There are 4 major reasons why World War I happened. Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism and Nationalism these 4 are the major causes for World War I. First, as Europe advanced their technology and economy because of Industrial revolution; they also increased their military power and the spendings. In the analysis Richard Overy created in 1999, it shows that money spent on Army and Navy from 1890 to 1914 increased greatly. Germany especially had a huge amount of growth when it came to Military.The spendings increased because of the concept people had back then. Like Emile Zola in 1891 said: “We must eat and be eaten so that World may live”. Prince Bernhard von Bulow of Germany also said “In the coming...
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...DBQ: Causes of WWII The road to appeasement, and thus to armed conflict, began in 1932 when the National Socialist party took control of the German government through a congressional election that gave Hitler authoritarian power. Tyranny must be fought when it first occurs as it is a virus that can spread if it is not eliminated. As Winston Churchill said, “I have always held the view that keeping peace depends on holding back the aggressor.” Unfortunately, Churchill’s predecessor believed in appeasement and diplomatic means when dealing with Germany, choosing not to believe that Germany had “made up its mind to dominate the world by fear” already. Unfortunately, by the time Great Britain, France, and Italy, had no choice but to knowledge this, plunging into WWII was their only chance of stopping Germany and Adolf Hitler’s reign of terror. There were many instances where one would hope that the international community would step in. The League of Nations was created by the Treaty of Versailles. However this organization did not react to earlier similar aggressions. For example,Italy attacked Ethiopia in 1935. Haile Selassie was the emperor of Ethiopia at the time. He approached the League of Nations and asked them to defend them with military sanctions. They did nothing. Selassie’s response was that “God and history will remember your...
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...research into the differences between prejudice and discrimination I have found that people in society have blurred the lines between the two words. We often see one being misused for the other even though they have completely different meanings, actions, and thoughts. In the purest form of the word, prejudice is feeling differently towards a certain group or groups that have a trait that they do not like or agree with. Everyone can be and is prejudice at some point in their life. Discrimination is where a person has prejudice towards a person or group of people and takes action. In today's society we tend to want to group the two together and make them seem like they are the ultimate evil, but in reality one is a common place occurrence that is usually kept behind closed doors while the other is not a good thing and can lead some to horrible actions. When I researched the two words I immediately noticed the way that they can be grouped together. I noticed that it is one trait as humans that we can't escape as hard as we try. It does not matter what race, gender, sexual orientation, or social class that you belong to there will always be one thing that makes us feel prejudice. Prejudice stems from the way that we as humans stereotype each other. Prejudice is usually completely unjustified and has no roots in reality. It is a positive or negative attitude towards people or groups for the way that they interact socially. I realized that in some cases prejudice can lead to the person...
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...Wilfred Owen letter: My own dearest Mother, Immediately after I sent my last letter, more than a fortnight ago, we were rushed up into the Line. Twice in one day we went over the top, gaining both our objectives. Our A Company led the Attack, and of course lost a certain number of men. I had some extraordinary escapes from shells & bullets. Fortunately there was no bayonet work, since the Hun ran before we got up to his trench. You will find mention of our fight in the Communiqué; the place happens to be the very village which Father named in his last letter! Never before has the Battalion encountered such intense shelling as rained on us as we advanced in the open. The Colonel sent round this message the next day: 'I was filled with admiration at the conduct of the Battalion under the heavy shell-fire.... The leadership of officers was excellent, and the conduct of the men beyond praise.' The reward we got for all this was to remain in the Line 12 days. For twelve days I did not wash my face, nor take off my boots, nor sleep a deep sleep. For twelve days we lay in holes, where at any moment a shell might put us out. I think the worst incident was one wet night when we lay up against a railwav embankment. A big shell lit on the top of the bank, just 2 yards from my head. Before I awoke, I was blown in the air right away from the bank! I passed most of the following days in a railway Cutting, in a hole just big enough to lie in, and covered with corrugated iron. My brother...
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...Survey of Major Writers of the 20th English Survey: Writers of the Twentieth Century In Two Soldiers, William Faulkner tries to highlight the relationship between a rural town and the United States as a whole during the Second World War. The story is told through an eight year old boy whose brother decides to join the army following an attack by an enemy. My sweet old etcetera on the other hand is a poem depicting various aspects of war. Despite the fact that both the story and the poem refer to the same topic, their views about war are exceptionally different. Views of War My sweet old Etcetera is a brilliant poem mainly because it manages to pass its message across. It is pertinent to note that the poem pays close attention to the little understanding that the people left at home understand about the war. It also demonstrates the actual view of the war from an actual soldier’s point of view. The poem starts by a revelation of how the soldier’s aunt perceived the whole idea of war. Apparently, Aunt Lucy took her time to prepare the soldier for the reality of what it meant to be in the army during war. It is, therefore, extremely clear that the aunt understood the risks involved in the war, which means that she appreciated the significance of the sacrifice made by the soldiers. In addition to that, the poem highlights the contribution of the soldier’s sister. This means that she appreciated the fact that the soldiers needed protective clothing. This demonstrates her passion...
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...CPI- Was a government agency established in the United States during World War I with the aim of supporting the war effort. It was created after the United States entered the war in 1917. Women Role in WWI- During World War I thousands of women worked in munitions factories, offices and large hangars used to build aircraft. Of course women were also involved in knitting socks and preparing hampers for the soldiers on the front, as well as other voluntary work. WIS- The women in Industrial service was created by the labor department and it stated that they would work an 8 hour day with minimum wage pay, with rest periods, clean bathrooms, etc. created better jobs for women, and the Women’s bureau was created. “Blueprint for peace”- President Wilson set down 14 points as a blueprint for world peace that was to be used for peace negotiations after World War I. League of Nations- The League of Nations came into being after the end of World War I. The League of Nation's task was to ensure that war never broke out again. Big Four- The Big Four were the leaders of the Versailles peace negotiations in 1919. They consisted of David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, and Woodrow Wilson of the United States. Henry Cabot Lodge- Lodge served in both the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate, and served as the first Senate majority leader. Cabot is most remembered for his opposition to the League of Nations and, thusly...
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...Vathanakpanha Sean Chansron Sorn Srey Pov The Effects of War For almost 50 years, the world war was one of the most talked about destruction of war. The wars break out for various reasons. There are world wars in the world, and they made every countries became the fighting area. Whenever, wars have happened there are always destruction everywhere and destroyed everything in each country by dropping bombs and using powerful explosive weapons. The most effects of war is that people are died, destroyed the infrastructure, economic, and separated from families. War killed many people. As a result of ending of the World War I, an estimated 10 million soldiers were killed. “Those averages about 6,500 deaths a day, every day. Plus, millions of civilians were also killed,” according to www.history1900s.about.com/od/world-war-I.html. World War I was especially remembered for its slaughter for it was one of the bloodiest wars in history. Moreover, World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history. “Over 60 million people were killed, which was over 2.5% of the world population,” according to www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/world_war_II. After the war, it always left many problems to the people and society. The main point is the separate of families and cause three major points. First, it has many widows so it is very difficult for all widows to try hard to live without helping from other people. Second, the war left many orphans and all of the orphans faced many...
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...from February to July 1932 at Geneva, with 60 nations in attendance, including the United States. This conference fails to secure any agreement, and other discussions are unaccomplished. January 30, 1933: Hitler is Appointed Chancellor of Germany In an attempt to control the chaos of the German government, President Paul von Hindenburg declares Hitler chancellor. This is the begging of Hitler’s dictatorship. July 17, 1936: The Spanish Nationalists Begin the Spanish Civil War Generals Goded, Mola, and Francisco Franco lead troops against the republic, starting the Spanish Civil War. September 18, 1938: The Munich Pact is Signed Britain and France meet Hitler’s demands by signing the Munich Pact. This pack granted Hitler control of the Czech Sudetenland. August 23, 1939: The Nazi-Soviet Pact Hitler made a non-aggression pact with Soviets so both countries would not attack each other but instead invade Poland. September 3, 1939: Britain and France Declare War on Germany Against Hitler's...
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...The Rise of Canadian Military Professionalism in World War 1 Paul Dickson in his article “The End of the Beginning: The Canadian Corps in 1917,” attempts to answer the question of what factors were responsible for the turnaround in professionalism and capability of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) during the later half of the First World War. The author’s thesis is that the Canadian Corps that fought at Vimy Ridge was not the superlative force that the Canadian public thought they were. In fact, during the early period of World War I, before 1916, the Canadian Corps was still in its infancy and definitely undergoing teething troubles, even though the beginning of a firm and solid base was slowly developing. “The Canadian Corps that took Vimy Ridge was not the “elite” formation it would become in 1918, but the foundation was firmly in place.” Prior to 1916, the author explains that the key ingredients to success that are described as “good habits” and a “good organizational culture” , were not fully in place and prevented the CEF from reaching its maximum operational effectiveness. Dickson is intrigued with the CEF in that there was an element that made them unique to both their Allied and Axis counterparts allowing them to reach this “elite” plateau, as the “Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) shared many of the problems encountered by other armies on the Western Front…” . He attempts to explore this question and seek answers. Was it better equipment...
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...National Archives Cambridge American Cemetery and Memorial This is the only World War II American military cemetery in the United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge donated the site. The British government authorized use of its land in perpetuity as a permanent burial ground without charge or taxation. Cambridge American Cemetery and Memorial American Battle Monuments Commission American Battle Monuments Commission This agency of the United States government operates and maintains 24 American cemeteries and 25 memorials, monuments and markers in 15 countries. The Commission works to fulfill the vision of its first chairman, General of the Armies John J. Pershing. Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I, promised that “time will not dim the glory of their deeds.” American Battle Monuments Commission 2300 Clarendon Boulevard Suite 500 Arlington, VA 22201 USA Cambridge American Cemetery Madingley Road Coton Cambridge CB23 7PH tel +44 1954.210.350 ABMC European Region Office 68, rue du 19 Janvier 92380 Garches, France tel +33.(0)1.47.01.19.76 Photograph: U.S. Coast Guard After forestalling German invasion in 1940, the United Kingdom became the hub of offensive action against Axis powers in Europe. American reinforcement and presence expanded massively from sea and air. The strategic bombing campaign flown from East Anglia crippled German war power. Allied ground, naval, and air forces set forth from the UK for D-Day 1944...
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...Industrial/organizational psychology is an area of study that has been studied since the early times of psychology (Spector, 2008). In the beginning industrial/organizational psychology put all of its emphasis only all the industrial side of the field. With only concentrate and on the industrial side of the field did not work well with the management side of the business; so a lot of emphasis was placed on human resources. If you look at the other side of the field, the organizational side puts on improving workplaces and work conditions. As psychology began to combine the two fields; they field began dealing with the full spectrum of industry and organization. Industrial/organizational psychology is explained as an applied field that concentrates on the development and application of scientific principles to the work environment (Spector, 2008). A more practical view of industrial/organizational psychology is that it is used to improve the quality of the work environment for the employees and to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of employee behavior in that environment (Barnes –Holmes et. al., 2006). Industrial/organizational psychology dates back to the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. It was at this time that the early psychologists were attempting to combine psychology with the organization of business’s (Spector, 2008). Two scientists that were both professors at universities Huge Munsterburg and Walker Dill Scott were accredited with the founding studies of industrial/organizational...
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...World War I was a down moment for America, a time when an isolationist nation involved itself in world affairs and began the rise to the economic and military power that America is today. After keeping out of the conflict that had been ravaging Europe for nearly three years, President Woodrow Wilson took America to war only months after winning an election on the slogan "He Kept us Out of War." Claiming that American intervention was needed to “make the world safe for democracy,” Wilson sent over two million men to Europe, of who over 100,000 would never return. World War I marked the end of the old order in Europe. The United States was not a nation ready for war in 1914. With a small army and a pitiful navy, the U.S. was no match for either side in the great conflagration in Flanders' Fields. As the war continued, however, German use of submarines to sink neutral shipping—including, most famously, the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915 with the death of almost 1,200 people, 128 of them Americans—brought American public opinion to the Allied side. Constant British propaganda efforts, culminating in the Zimmermann Telegram of February 1917, coupled with the German resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare and drew America into the war. Wilson quickly developed an ideological goal of freedom and democracy, and committed the people of the United States to fight for these principles. When America entered the war in April 1917, nearly three years of horrific slaughter had bled...
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...formed secret alliances, which was to undermine its purpose of maintaining peace in Europe during our period of study. Shortly after the Franco-Prussian war in 1870, Germany became the European strongest power until the fall of Germany in 1914. The unification of Germany brought about changes to the European diplomatic scene, with the appointment of Otto von Bismarck as the German chancellor in 1871 by Kaiser Williams 1, he reorganized the German military and increased industrialization in Germany. Through Bismarck’s political strategies Germany was able to become European’s instrument for peace and balance of power. According to some research we realize that during the reign of Napoleon Bonarphte coalition were also formed against the French aggression, therefore we can say the alliance systems had been occurring in Europe before the coming of Bismarck, but for the purpose of our study the system of alliance that was going to change the political order of Europe, both in the east and west was formed between 1871-1907. This system of alliance was not aggressive but gradually it generated into the outbreak of the First World War which occurred as a result to the Balkan crisis and various territorial dispute in Africa and Europe.The alliance system was started by Bismarck, the German chancellor from 1871-1890. After the franco-prussian war, Bismarck held that Germany was a “satiated state” which should give up the ideas of expansion or further conquest. Thus Bismarck organized system...
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...by Political Groups Propaganda is a tool that is used all over the world to influence how people think. Propaganda has fittingly been referred to as “the weapon of mass persuasion” by the Canadian Broadcasting Channel. Propaganda can be defined as communications with the goal of influencing the opinion or attitude of a population in favor of the ideology of oneself or one’s group. The messages behind propaganda are almost always political. Governments and militaries around the globe have used propaganda again and again to control their followers. Famous examples of aggressive propaganda campaigns are those of the United State Military, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Emperor Hirohito of Japan and Joseph Stalin. In the past, printed media was the main form of spreading war propaganda. As society and technology evolved over the decades, so did propaganda. The messages hidden in modern media are far more difficult to identify than ever before. The use of propaganda has always had specific motives, but are the reasons behind war propaganda harmful towards society? What are specific ways that propaganda has affected the populations of the world? There are many negative examples of ways that the global population has been influenced by propaganda during war times throughout history. Propaganda produced by the government is almost always under-handed and one sided. There seems to be a formula for the perfect war campaign using propaganda that has proven successful for political powers...
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...Eliot Cohen the author of a valuable study of supreme command raised the question: “where did the American way of war derive from?” Most have argued for a larger Western heritage dating to classical times of combining decisive battle, superior technology that is the dividend of rationalism, group discipline, and notions of freedom, audit, and constitutional government.(1) Of course, there was a particularly American variant of Western military practice that grew up on a vast frontier and was the result of the impatient nature of American popular culture and its familiarity with machines manifested best in something like George’s Patton’s romp across central France in the summer of 1944, or the dash up from Kuwait to Northern Iraq in the spring of 2003. Cohen, however, believes the U.S. way of fighting is more complex, incorporating all sorts of non-conventional elements. To make that point, he reviews warfare of the eighteenth-century along the northeastern seaboard of the American continent that rugged two-hundred-mile corridor of mountains, forests, and lakes from Albany to Montreal dubbed the “Great Warpath.”(1) His investigations reveal two less appreciated sources for the way Americans currently fight. One was the birth of a unique, and less remarked upon strain of raiding, ambushing, subversion, living off the land, ad hoc alliance building with indigenous peoples, long-range reconnaissance, and patrolling behind enemy lines.(1) The other was a sort of military populism:...
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