...Case Study hip Fracture NSG/340 Case Study Risk Factors for Hip Fracture Age, sex (women>men), osteoporosis, poor nutrition (decreased in calcium & Vitamin D), smoking, medications (such as cortisone), limited or very little physical activities or brittle bone area all risk factors. Risk Factors for Hip Fracture related to S.P. *Age/Sex (women>men), *smoking, *medication (prednisone), *limited activity. Post-surgical anticoagulation S.P. is receiving Lovenox and Coumadin as thromboprophylaxis, a common practice after surgeries. Lovenox is used to prevent clot formation and will be an injection form, while Coumadin is taken orally, interferes with the synthesis of vitamin K clotting factor. In addition, it is recommended because of increase with coagulation factor. Anticoagulation is continued for approximately 30 days. INR is measured with the use of Coumadin with a goal of 2-3. A (arthroplasty) versus O (open reduction and internal fixation) A is also known as total hip replacement. O is metal pins, screws, rods and plates are used to immobilize the fracture. A is replacement of the entire hip joint with a prosthetic (artificial) joint system. Intraoperative blood salvage a. The blood that is lost from surgery is immediately re-administered to the patient. b. The blood lost from surgery is collected into a cell saver. c. The salvaged blood must be reinfused within 6 hours of collection. Postoperative problems Dislocation of the hip, infection...
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...Surgical Wound Infection ? I will like to identify patients conditions and other factors contribute to the development of Surgical Wound infections. * Determine the aims or purposes of analysis The purpose is to understand the effect of environment in surgical wound infections. Prevention of infection requires the application of the principles of microbiology and accept practice. Measure of this concept is based on the stages of wound healing and the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention guidelines defining surgical site infection as occurring 30 days postoperative. * Identify all uses of the concept The Merriam-Webster Dictionary was used to explore the general definition of surgical wound infection Surgical of or relating to the process of performing a medical operation: of or relating to surgery. Wound an injury that is caused when a knife, bullet, etc., cuts or breaks the skin. Infection is the act or process of infecting someone or something: the state of being infected. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) was also used to explore the definition. Surgical relating or used in surgery. Wound is an injury to living tissue caused by a cut, blow, or other impact, typically one in which the skin is cut or broken. Infection is the process of infecting or the state of being infected History of Surgical Wound Infection Hippocrates (Greek physician and surgeon, 460-377 BC), known as the father of medicine, used vinegar to irrigate open wounds and wrapped...
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...the information provided in this case study: 1. Define MRSA? Why is it antibiotic resistant? Discuss the complications this organism may have on wound healing and other body systems. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that causes infections in many parts on the body. MRSA is tougher to treat, as it is resistant to most commonly used antibiotics. (Mayo Clinic, 2014) MRSA is normally contracted from person to person through direct contact with a person that has MRSA. This proves to be very complicated when a person with MRSA have a wound, they are often more challenging to treat due to the reduced number of antibiotics accessible to treat them. (Department of Health, 2014) An Antibiotic resistant bacterium is when bacteria is not able to be controlled or killed by antibiotics. This certain bacterium is able to survive through courses of antibiotics and even multiply in the process. 2. What special infection control considerations would you implement for Mr Jones? In your answer include the following – The infection...
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...The Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering is online at chembioeng.annualreviews.org Abstract This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 Copyright c 2011 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved 1947-5438/11/0715-0403$20.00 The past three decades have seen the emergence of an endeavor called tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in which scientists, engineers, and physicians apply tools from a variety of fields to construct biological substitutes that can mimic tissues for diagnostic and research purposes and can replace (or help regenerate) diseased and injured tissues. A significant portion of this effort has been translated to actual therapies, especially in the areas of skin replacement and, to a lesser extent, cartilage repair. A good amount of thoughtful work has also yielded prototypes of other tissue...
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...Introduction: Total hip replacements (THR) happen for a multitude of reasons. Patient’s requiring a THR are in pain within the hip joint from a specific cause. For example, a THR could be done to relieve arthritis pain, repair a break in the bone, or repair the joint from a traumatic injury or disease. The hip joint is a ball and socket joint, made up of the head of the femur (ball) which moves within the acetabulum (socket) in the pelvis (Hasan & Akbar). Functionally, this joint allows movement of the lower body in relation to the trunk in a circumduction motion. At the time of the repair, usually patient’s have decreased function of that lower extremity because of pain. The joint itself does not have nerve endings, but bone does....
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...A Study of Thermal Conductivity of Corn Cob Ash Blended Cement Mortar. A.A. Raheem, Ph.D.1* and Prof. D.A. Adesanya2 1 Civil Engineering Department, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. 2 Building Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. E-mail: raheemayinde@yahoo.com* Telephone: 2348033928991 ABSTRACT This study investigated the thermal conductivity of corn cob ash (CCA) blended cement mortar. Nine classes of CCA blended cements were employed with the CCA content ranging from 0% to 25%. The 0% CCA replacement involved the use of normal ordinary Portland cement and it served as the control. The mix proportions of cement: sharp sand used were 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 with water-tobinder ratio ranging between 0.26 and 0.29. Thermal conductivity test was performed using 50 x 50 x 15 mortar cube specimens cast in wooden moulds in pairs. The steady state heating method involving the use of three – blocks of brass was used for conducting the test with a heater made of nichrome wire wound round a ceramic rod. The final temperature difference obtained over a period of continuous heating for eight hours was used in determining the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of CCA-blended cement specimens decreased steadily as the CCA percentage increased. For 1:1 mix proportion; the 0 thermal conductivity decreases from 1.80W/m C 0 to 0.69W/m C when the CCA percentage replacement increases from 2% to 25% as 0 against the control value of 2...
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...Case Study 7 Case 1 D.K. is being seen in the clinic for complaints of urinary frequency, urgency, and burning. She reports that her urine appears cloudy and smells abnormal. A urine culture is obtained, and D.K. is given a prescription for antibiotics. 1) What is the most likely cause of D.K.’s signs and symptoms? The most likely cause of the signs and symptoms is a urinary tract infection. 2) Was antibiotic therapy the appropriate treatment? What organism should the antibiotic be effective against since it is the most common cause of this disorder? Yes, antibiotics are indicated for symptomatic urinary tract infection. E. Coli causes about 80% of UTIs. 3) What factors predispose to development of this urinary tract disorder? Factors that predispose the development of a UTI are: sexually active women, failure to void after intercourse, incorrect hygiene (i.e. wiping from front to back), female anatomy, low estrogen in postmenopausal women, catheters, tubes or foreign objects placed in the urinary tract, pregnancy and diabetes mellitus. 4) What strategies could be suggested to help D.K. avoid recurrence of this problem? Strategies that will help to avoid the recurrence of an UTI: If sexually active void after intercourse, wipe perineal area from front to back, wear cotton crotch underwear, drink six to eight glasses of water a day, avoid bubble baths and highly perfumed soaps, avoid douches and feminine hygiene deodorants. Case 2 P.W. was...
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...Its spread is aided by the emersion of a multitude of new applications. While there is a wide array of different fields that show great promise for adopting uses for this technology, the medical industry is one of the most impressive and, arguably, important. In many cases 3D-printing can revolutionize the way things are done in medicine and healthcare, while in others it provides new capabilities that were not at all possible in the past. Applications in the Medical Industry Embryonic Stem Cells “In a new study, researchers from Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh have created a cell printer that spits out living embryonic stem cells” (Lewis, 2013). Human embryonic stem cells are cells derived from embryos that have not yet “transformed” into a specific cell type but can do so under certain conditions. This characteristic makes them an effective tool in restoring or repairing damaged organs, tissue or cells. Furthermore, they can be used to print human tissue will be used to test new drugs, reducing the need to rely on animal trials and also limit human testing. Printing Human Skin 3D-Printing can be used to print skin directly on top of wounds that would otherwise require transplanting skin, as is usually the case with burn victims. Additionally, since the skin is made easier to produce, this application can be used more liberally than skin grafting for non-critical operations such as cosmetic surgery (Koebler, 2014). Studying Cancer “Medical research is only as good as the model...
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...Animal Testing: Necessary Evil or Just Evil? Krista Surratt Stanly Community College Table of Contents Cover Page ………………………………………………………………………………………..1 Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………………………2 Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………...3 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………….4 Background …………………………………………………………………………………….…4 Proposed Plan …………………………………………………………………………………….6 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………..7 References …………………………………………………………………………………….......9 Abstract This proposal is about what the harsh realities of animal testing really are, the brutality the animals go through, and a way to change it for the better in many aspects. Animal testing is an issue that many people (with a heart) disagree with, especially since there are more accurate alternatives. This picture puts together words that lab animals cant (Miss). Introduction One Mississippi, Two Mississippi, Three Mississippi. Every three seconds a precious animal dies in a laboratory setting. Animal testing is one of the most common branches of testing and research in the world today. Some in favor of animal experimentation justify it by saying they’re taking animals’ lives to save humans. Scientists who agree with animal testing usually cut the vocal chords out of the animal or sew their jaws shut; but is this the only way to obtain concrete results? Is it really necessary to subject an animal’s life while...
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...Review SKIN FUNCTION AND WOUND HEALING PHYSIOLOGY John Timmons is Clinical Manager, Wounds UK and Tissue Viabiliy Nurse, Aberdeen Regular evaluation and the setting of goals is essential to monitor the progress of the patient and their wound.To do this, is important to understand the physiology of the skin and the way normal wound healing progresses in order to plan and provide effective wound management. This article describes the structure and function of the skin and outlines the four normal phases of healing. Wound healing is an exciting and continually developing field, with new technologies and research playing a large part in improving the quality of patient care. The role of the nurse in wound care is all encompassing, stretching from the initial assessment of the wound and the patient, to making the correct decisions about treatment and beyond. Regular evaluation, and the setting of goals is essential to monitor the progress of the patient and the wound. To do this, a baseline knowledge of the functions and anatomy of the skin and wound healing physiology is required. Figure 1. When the skin is breached, it is important to close the defect as quickly as possible, thereby preventing infection from occurring. vital substances (Graham-Brown and Burns, 1998). the nerve endings present in the skin allow the body to detect pain, and changes in temperature, touch and pressure. 8Sensation: Functions of the skin The skin, often referred to as the largest body...
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...Telenursing: Is It in my Future? Devry University Telenursing: Is it in My Future I remember the first time I heard of telenursing. It was about 4 years ago and I was still new to home health nursing. My director informed the office that we would be having an in-service on a new telehealth monitoring device we would be using for our high risk patients. We were shown how to operate the monitors and was demonstrated all of its capabilities. The telephone based devices had an interactive voice response system that could remotely monitor a patient’s blood pressure, heart rate, O2 saturation, weight and blood sugar via a telephone connection. The devices were recommended for all cardiac and respiratory patients who were at high risk for re-hospitalization since the devices would be able to recognize early symptoms and help the nurses to make quick decisions about the patients’ plan of care. So what is telenursing and telehealth? Hebda & Czar (2013), states that “telenursing is the use of telecommunications and information technology (IT) for the delivery of nursing care”. Telehealth is “the use of telecommunications technologies and electronic information to exchange healthcare information and to provide and support services such as long-distance clinical healthcare to clients”. Although, telenursing is still a fairly new concept to me, there is documentation of telenursing in the 1970’s. The first published telenursing article was written by Mary Quinn, RN in 1974...
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...Review of Literature A systematically oriented and driven presentation of relevant literature and research studies concerned with respect to phenomenon underling the present study, such presentation had included almost all issues related to care of fracture that treated with external and internal fixation. Part I: Historical Prospective of Beginning and use External and Internal Fixation. Part II: Traumatic Bone Injury: 2.2.1. Causes of Fracture. 2.2.2 Pathophysiology of Fracture. 2.3. Types of fractures. 2.4. Clinical Manifestations. 2.5. Diagnostic Tests. 2.6. Phase of Bone Healing. 2.7. Complications of Fracture. PartIII: Treatment and Management of Fracture by External and Internal fixation . 2.3.1.External Fixation Method....
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... Ineffective tissue perfusion 오류! 책갈피가 정의되어 있지 않습니다. 1. Monitor vital signs (Hourly) and saturation oxygen to determine baseline and ongoing change. 오류! 책갈피가 정의되어 있지 않습니다. 2. Administer oxygen by Hudson’s mask (6-10L/min) and monitor the effectiveness to increase oxygenation of myocardial tissue and prevent further ischaemia. 오류! 책갈피가 정의되어 있지 않습니다. 3. Monitor respiratory status for sysptoms of heart failure to maintain appropriate levels of oxygenation & Observe for signs of pulmonary oedema. 오류! 책갈피가 정의되어 있지 않습니다. CORONARY ANGIOGRAM 5 Nursing responsibilities and rationale pre angiogram 5 CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT 6 Definition (3marks) 6 ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY 7 Nursing Responsibilities 7 APTT. (3marks) 7 WOUND MANAGEMENT 8 DISCUSS MOIST WOUND –HEALING ENVIRONMENT 8 DEFINE 5 DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXUDATES 9 NEUROVASCULAR...
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...Case Study for Respiratory Disorders #2 Scenario A.W., a 52-year-old woman disabled from severe emphysema, was walking at a mall when she suddenly grabbed her right side and gasped, “Oh, something just popped.” A.W. whispered to her walking companion, “I can’t get any air.” Her companion yelled for someone to call 911 and helped her to the nearest bench. By the time the rescue unit arrived, A.W. was stuporous and in severe respiratory distress. She was intubated, an IV of lactated Ringer’s (LR) to KVO (keep vein open) was started, and she was transported to the nearest emergency department (ED). On arrival at the ED, the physician auscultates muffled heart tones, no breath sounds on the right, and faint sounds on the left. A.W. is stuporous, tachycardic, and cyanotic. The paramedics inform the physician that it was difï¬cult to ventilate A.W. A STAT portable chest x-ray (CXR) and arterial blood gases (ABGs) are obtained. A.W. has an 80% pneumothorax on the right, and her ABGs on 100% oxygen are pH 7.18, PaCO2 92 mm Hg, PaO2 32 mm Hg, HCO3 27 mmol/L, base excess (BE) -5 mmol/L, SaO2 53%. 1) Given the diagnosis of pneumothorax, explain why the paramedic had difï¬culty ventilating A.W. The paramedics couldn’t ventilate C.W. because the pleural space is full of air, which then forces pressure on the lungs which doesn’t allow the lungs to inflate when air is inhaled in. 2) Interpret A.W.’s ABGs. [c] PH 7.18 acidotic PaCO2 92 mm Hg PaO2 32 HCO3 27 Respiratory Acidosis ...
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...2011-39011 10 May 2014 ENG 10 C-5R Draft No. 2 Introduction Today, electricity has been a major necessity for people for it gives energy to almost all devices that make their works easier. But before electricity could be consumed to power a load or a certain device, it needs to travel long distances through the utilization of electrical power systems. Electrical Power Systems consists of mainly of generating stations, transmission lines and distribution systems. From the generating stations, different types of energy are converted to electrical energy (high voltage) and then transported to the distribution systems through the transmission lines, where the voltages to be delivered to the consumers by the distribution companies are lowered. There are two designs for distribution systems, one is the Overhead Distribution System (ODS) and the other is the Underground Distribution System (UDS). Each of these has its own advantages and disadvantages. In the earlier century, ODS has been commonly used by distribution companies. It is reliable, low-cost, easily maintained and is an established method to transport bulk electricity across long distances. ODS are the lowest-cost method transmitting electrical power because most of the insulation is provided by air. The disadvantage is that ODS is more prone and subjected to interruptions due to natural causes such as lightning and storms and other failure due to short circuits and line breakage. It is also unpleasant...
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