...Writing Resource Guide Version 1.0, Fall 2002 By Lucy Honig Contents Introduction Writing for the MPH: A W/Rite of Passage A message to BUSPH students Useful writing references for SPH students The writing process: some practical tips Common problems The Paramedic Method of editing Referencing: Styles of citation Citation of electronic sources A note about plagiarism Using direct quotations and paraphrases Boston University writing resources 6 9 10 15 21 25 27 29 31 2 3 INTRODUCTION Public health professionals write all the time. Writing is an important tool for bringing about changes in policy, practice, public understanding, and health behaviors. You may create exciting and effective methods for addressing these matters, but if you cannot effectively communicate those ideas it is as if they do not exist at all. Furthermore, the process of writing helps to sharpen one’s ideas; good writing requires good thinking. Writing assignments in SPH courses have a variety of goals: to test your knowledge, to foster critical thinking, to enhance your research skills, to assess your communication skills and to prepare you for the myriad writing tasks you will encounter in your professional work. We expect you to carry out writing assignments with the thought and skill consistent with graduate level work, and we believe the improvement of writing skills is essential for the health of our profession. An MPH degree implies that you are equipped with the many competencies that are...
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...Levi’s Essay Writing Guide Compiled by Levi Whitten-Connolly 15 September 2010 Page: 1 Below I have prepared a few pages to help guide you write a few essays – these are taken from my own notes. Page: 1 © 2010 Levi Whitten-Connolly (levi@whitten-connolly.net) Levi’s Essay Writing Guide Compiled by Levi Whitten-Connolly 15 September 2010 Page: 2 Page: 2 © 2010 Levi Whitten-Connolly (levi@whitten-connolly.net) Levi’s Essay Writing Guide Compiled by Levi Whitten-Connolly 15 September 2010 Page: 3 Page: 3 © 2010 Levi Whitten-Connolly (levi@whitten-connolly.net) Levi’s Essay Writing Guide Compiled by Levi Whitten-Connolly 15 September 2010 Page: 4 Page: 4 © 2010 Levi Whitten-Connolly (levi@whitten-connolly.net) Levi’s Essay Writing Guide Compiled by Levi Whitten-Connolly Mind Maps 15 September 2010 Page: 5 Mind Maps are a great way to organise your essay before you write it – they are als a great tool for writing down key information points before an exam. Below is an example of a mind map – make sure when you write one out that you colour code each section as your brain remembers things better this way. Page: 5 © 2010 Levi Whitten-Connolly (levi@whitten-connolly.net) Levi’s Essay Writing Guide Compiled by Levi Whitten-Connolly 15 September 2010 Page: 6 Page: 6 © 2010 Levi Whitten-Connolly (levi@whitten-connolly.net) Levi’s Essay Writing Guide Compiled by Levi Whitten-Connolly 15...
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...Guide for Writing Project Proposals This is a summary of how to write good, concise proposals for course projects. The recommended lengths of sections are given assuming a document length of 2 to 4 pages. Sample Outline The following is a sample outline for a project proposal. Note that all questions for a section may not apply to your proposal, and should be used as a general guide only. You may use your own creativity appropriately. 1. Introduction (1 paragraphs) * Motivation Sentence * Summarize the problem (1 or 2 sentences) * Summarize the proposed solution, if any (1 or 2 sentences) * Describe format of rest of proposal (sections, etc.) 2. Motivation (2 paragraphs) * What is the history of the problem? * Why is this problem interesting? * When and why does the problem occur? * Is the problem already solved? What is done now? * Are there any similar systems or solutions to the one you propose? If so, reference and very briefly explain them. * Are there are possible improvements to current solutions? 3. Project Summary (1 paragraph) * What in general will this project achieve? (Do not delve into details.) 4. Project Details (Planning) * Project Description (2 paragraphs + figures) * Describe the project and how it will be managed. * Diagrams and figures are useful here if appropriate. * What data will you use and how will they be collected? ...
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...What is a report? A report ‘reports’ on something in a concise, formal way using clearly defined sections presented in a standard format, which tell the reader what you did, why and how you did it and what you found. It is the formal writing up of a practical experiment, project or research investigation. A report is written in a way which presumes that the reader knows nothing about your experiment or research. It is usually written more concisely than an essay, with headings and sub-headings and perhaps bullet-point recommendations, etc. A research report must be written in sufficient detail so that someone reading it would be able to replicate your research exactly. It usually contains arguments and critical evaluation to support a proposed course of action, or to evaluate a business issue. BEFORE YOU START WRITING… • Firstly, check with your lecturer and the module handbook for precise instructions, i.e. the prescribed report structure, word count, deadline. All UHBS reports are module and assignment specific, so this guide only gives a very general idea of structure and content. • Be very detail minded. All UHBS reports will require accurate referencing, good clear English, professional presentation, i.e. clear structure, coherent, free of spelling, grammatical and punctuation errors. • If you are compiling a group report, assign roles. One person in the group could be assigned the role of ‘editor’ to finally ensure the report is put together...
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...A3.8.2015 Design an analytic scoring guide for a compositing writing which has a total score of 15 marks. Compositing Writing Profile Student - Date - Topic - SCORE | LEVEL | CRETERIA | CONTENT | 4 – 3.5 | EXCELLENT TO VERY GOOD • relevant to assigned topic • exceptionally clear, focused, engaging with relevant, strong supporting detail | | 3 – 2.5 | GOOD TO AVERAGE • clear, focused, interesting ideas with appropriate detail • evident main idea with some support | | 2 – 1.5 | FAIR TO POOR • purpose and main idea is unclear • irrelevant detail | | 1 – 0.5 | VERY POOR • lack of central ideas • development is minimal | ORGANIZATION | 3 – 2.5 | EXCELLENT TO VERY GOOD • effectively organized in logical and creative manner • logical engaging intro and conclusion | | 2 – 1.5 | GOOD TO AVERAGE • strong order and structure • organization is appropriate | | 1.25 – 1 | FAIR TO POOR • lack of structure and disorganized • weak intro and conclusion | | 0.5 | VERY POOR • lack of coherence • no appropriate introduction or conclusion | VOCABULARY | 3 – 2.5 | EXCELLENT TO VERY GOOD • effective word/idiom choice and usage • mastery word form • appropriate register | | 2 - 1.5 | GOOD TO AVERAGE • appropriate choice of word • occasional errors of word/idiom form, choice, usage but comprehensible | | 1.25 – 1 | FAIR TO POOR • limited range of words • frequent errors • meaning confused | | 0.5 | VERY POOR • little...
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...HARVARD COLLEGE Writing Center WRITING CENTER BRIEF GUIDE SERIES A Brief Guide to Writing the Philosophy Paper The Challenges of Philosophical Writing The aim of the assignments in your philosophy classes is to get you doing philosophy. But what is philosophy, and how is it to be done? The answer is complicated. Philosophers are often motivated by one or more of what we might call the “Big Questions,” such as: How should we live? Is there free will? How do we know anything? or, What is truth? While philosophers do not agree among themselves on either the range of proper philosophical questions or the proper methods of answering them, they do agree that merely expressing one’s personal opinions on controversial topics like these is not doing philosophy. Rather, philosophers insist on the method of first attaining clarity about the exact question being asked, and then providing answers supported by clear, logically structured arguments. An ideal philosophical argument should lead the reader in undeniable logical steps from obviously true premises to an unobvious conclusion. A negative argument is an objection that tries to show that a claim, theory, or argument is mistaken; if it does so successfully, we say that it refutes it. A positive argument tries to support a claim or theory, for example, the view that there is genuine free will, or the view that we should never eat animals. Positive philosophical arguments about the Big Questions that are ideal are extremely hard to construct...
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...A VISUAL GUIDE TO ESSAY WRITING Dr Valli Rao, Associate Professor Kate Chanock, and Dr Lakshmi Krishnan use a visual approach to walk students through the most important processes in essay writing for university: formulating, refining, and expressing academic argument. ‘MetamorTHESIS‘ Your main argument or thesis is your position in answer to the essay question. It changes and develops as you undertake your reading and research towards the essay. how to develop & communicate academic argument “I love the way the authors explain what an argument is. I also love the way they justify holding opinions in an academic context … A Visual Guide to Essay Writing shows you excellently how to communicate with your marker by employing your ‘authorial voice’.” - Dr Alastair Greig Head, School of Social Sciences The Australian National University Valli Rao Kate Chanock Lakshmi Krishnan “This is a great book ... clear, useful, beautifully conceived and produced ... an intriguing approach, one that will make sense to students and really assist their essay writing skills.” - Brigid Ballard & John Clanchy authors of the international best-seller Essay writing for students: a practical guide How effective structure supports reasoned argument in essays1 Discipline/field Topic Underlying question Introduce discipline/field/context and topic Roughly, 10–15% of essay length Why is this topic interesting from the perspective of the discipline/field...
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...A peer-reviewed electronic journal. Copyright is retained by the first or sole author, who grants right of first publication to the Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation. Permission is granted to distribute this article for nonprofit, educational purposes if it is copied in its entirety and the journal is credited. Volume 14, Number 13, June 2009 ISSN 1531-7714 A Guide to Writing the Dissertation Literature Review Justus J. Randolph Walden University Writing a faulty literature review is one of many ways to derail a dissertation. This article summarizes some pivotal information on how to write a high-quality dissertation literature review. It begins with a discussion of the purposes of a review, presents taxonomy of literature reviews, and then discusses the steps in conducting a quantitative or qualitative literature review. The article concludes with a discussion of common mistakes and a framework for the self-evaluation of a literature review. Writing a faulty literature review is one of many ways to derail a dissertation. If the literature review is flawed, the remainder of the dissertation may also be viewed as flawed, because “a researcher cannot perform significant research without first understanding the literature in the field” (Boote & Beile, 2005, p. 3). Experienced thesis examiners know this. In a study of the practices of Australian dissertation examiners, Mullins and Kiley (2002) found that, Examiners typically started reviewing a dissertation with...
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...The Guide for Writing Word Documents in Microsoft Word for EasyChair Publication Andrei Voronkov1 and Kryštof Hoder1 1 University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. andrei@voronkov.com, hoderk@cs.man.ac.uk Abstract In order to ease the lives of authors, editors, and trees, we present a manual and an example of the use of Microsoft Word and similar tools for creating documents for EasyChair-based electronic and on-paper publishing of workshop and conference proceedings. 1 Introduction The styles and parameters of this guide are designed for compliance with the requirements for publication in the EasyChair conference system (Voronkov, 2004), and are also applicable to the Procedia publications series by Elsevier Science. EasyChair is a free conference management system that is flexible, easy to use, and has many features to make it suitable for various conference models. It is currently probably the most commonly used conference management system (Voronkov, 2004). The use of EasyChair and this style for creating Procedia volumes is a pilot project between Elsevier Science and EasyChair. EasyChair publications accept documents written either in LaTeX or using a docx document format, which can be produced by Microsoft Word or LibreOffice. This guide explains how to produce the docx format in Microsoft Word. To achieve high quality of volumes, both LaTeX and Word documents should have the same layout and similar styles. This guide is provided for the users of Microsoft Word...
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...A Guide to Writing Good Requirements QA Check Points Enterprise Program Management November 22, 2009 Gathered By: Wail A. Dawud; Lead Enterprise Analyst Original Author Ivy Hooks for Third NCOSE Symposium and Published in the Proceedings of the Third International Symposium of the INCOSE - Volume 2, 1993. Disclaimer: the original author is the SOLE owner of this document and should credited with it. The only difference between the original documents and this document is formatting and some added clarification of certain examples and follow up analysis.. Table of Contents 1. introduction 4 2. good requirements 5 3. Common problems 6 3.1 Bad assumptions 7 3.2 writing implementation (how) instead of requirements (what) 8 3.3 describing operations instead of requirements 10 3.4 using incorrect terms 11 3.5 using incorrect sentence structure or bad grammar 13 3.6 missing requirements 16 3.7 over specifying 18 4. writing quality requirements – qa check points 20 4.1 chatacteristics of quality requirement statements 21 4.1.1 correct 22 4.1.2 feasible 23 4.1.3 necessary 24 4.1.4 priotirized 25 4.1.5 unambiguous 26 4.1.6 verifiable 27 4.1.7 Complete 28 4.1.8 Consistent 29 4.1.9 modifiable 30 4.1.10 traceable 31 5. reviewing requirements for quality 32 5.1 example #1 33 5.2 example #2 34 5.3 example #3 35 5.4 example #4 36 6. Revision History 37 1. introduction This document will address what makes good...
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...Stutendt STUDENT GUIDE FOR WRITING A MARKETING PLAN 1. Executive Summary The Executive Summary “sells” the marketing plan to readers through its clarity and brevity. The summary should present a description of the product/service, its target market, and its need within the market. The summary should also provide an overview of the main points of the plan and should emphasize an action orientation. 2. Company Description The company description should highlight the recent history and successes of the organization. 3. Strategic Focus and Plan While not included in all marketing plans, the Strategic Focus and Plan sets the strategic direction for the entire organization. One approach is to use the strategic marketing process (see pp. 44-50 in the text) and/or diversification and synergy analyses (see pages 581-584). a. Mission/Vision The Mission/Vision statement is a qualitative statement that specifies the markets and product lines in which a business will compete. A mission statement can dramatically affect the range of a firm’s marketing activities by narrowing or broadening the competitive playing field. An effective mission statement must be clear and direct. See page 32 in the text. b. Goals The Goals section of a marketing plan sets both financial and non-financial targets. Goals should be in quantitative terms, where possible, to facilitate measuring the company’s future performance. See page 34 in the text. An example...
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...Mohammed Rafi 1 Mohammed Rafi Mohammad Rafi Background information Born Origin 24 December 1924 Kotla Sultan Singh, Punjab, British India Indian Died 31 July 1980 (aged 55) Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Genres Indian classical, ghazal, playback singing Occupations Hindi and Punjabi playback singer Instruments Vocalist Years active 1944–1980 Mohammad Rafi (Urdu: ,عیفر دمحمHindi: मोहम्मद रफ़ी; 24 December 1924 – 31 July 1980), was an Indian playback singer whose career spanned four decades.[1] He won a National Award and 6 Filmfare Awards. In 1967, he was honoured with the Padma Shri by the Government of India.[2] In a career spanning about 40 years, Rafi sang over 26,000 film songs.[3] His songs ranged from classical numbers to patriotic songs, sad lamentations to highly romantic numbers, qawwalis to ghazals and bhajans, and from slow melancholic tunes to fast and melodious fun filled songs. He had a strong command of Hindi and Urdu and a powerful range that could accommodate this variety.[4] He sang in many Indian languages including Hindi, Konkani, Urdu, Bhojpuri, Oriya, Punjabi, Bengali, Marathi, Sindhi, Kannada, Gujarati, Telugu, Maghi, Maithili and Assamese. He also recorded a few English, Persian, Spanish and Dutch songs. An article in Times of India, published on 24 July 2010 sums up his voice as, "If there are 101 ways of saying "I love you" in a song, Mohammed Rafi knew them all. The awkwardness of puppy love, the friskiness of teen romance, the philosophy of...
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...APA FORMATTING AND STYLE GUIDE by University of Malaya Library (UML) Title General Rules Content Single Author Two Authors Three to Six Authors More Than Six Authors Author - Malay Names (without family names) Author - Chinese Names Author - Chinese Names with English Names Author - Indian & Sikh Names (without family names) Inherited Names Conferred titles Local Government Institution as Author Foreign Government Institution as Author Unique Corporate Body Names Organization as Author Conference Names with Numbers Unknown Author Page 1-2 Reference List : Book Basic Format for Books Edited Book, No Author Edited Book with an Author or Authors A Translation Edition Other Than the First Article or Chapter in an Edited Book Multivolume Work Reference List : Articles in Periodicals Basic Form Article in Journal Paginated by Volume Article in Journal Paginated by Issue Article in a Magazine Article in a Newspaper Letter to the Editor Review Reference List : Other Print Sources An Entry in an Encyclopedia Work Discussed in a Secondary Source Dissertation Abstract Government Document Report from a Private Organization Conference Proceedings Published Conference Paper Unpublished Conference Paper Academic Exercise / Thesis (Unpublished) 3 4 5-6 i Title Content Page 7-8 Reference List : Electronic Sources Article From an Online Periodical Online Scholarly Journal Article Online Scholarly Journal Article with Printed Version Available Article...
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...ENG2602/101/3/2015 Tutorial letter 101/3/2015 GENRES IN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE: THEORY, STYLE AND POETICS ENG2602 Semesters 1 & 2 Department of English Studies IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This Tutorial Letter contains important information about your module. CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 3 2 PURPOSE OF AND OUTCOMES FOR THE MODULE............................................................... 4 2.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................................ 4 2.2 Outcomes .....................................................................................................................................4 3 LECTURER(S) AND CONTACT DETAILS................................................................................... 5 3.1 Lecturer(s) .................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2 Department ................................................................................................................................... 6 3.3 University ...................................................................................................................................... 6 4 MODULE-RELATED RESOURCES ..................
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...prefer to work by hands since they think it will be more reliable and trustful. As a student, I prefer to do work by machines instead of hands especially when I am doing work for school. One vital beneficial of technology is it’s convenient and much easier and faster than human hands. Being a student at school, there is tons of work everyday. Each teacher will require work such as writing an essay or finishing some study guide. I have been using computer for several years, and my typing speed is much faster than when I doing the same thing by hands. Writing by hands turns to be some tougher work to me since I have use computer instead of hands for a long time and I definitely know which way is easier. For example, I had two study guides last semester for world history and biology. There were abundant of knowledge needing to memorize for both of them. However, my world history teacher required us to use pen and gave us the reason that writing by hands is better for people to memorize things. But the results turned out that I did better in biology test. I only took about 30 minutes to finish the study guide since I had all the separate notes of each chapter for biology while I took almost the whole day to finish world history. The...
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