...ESPN X Games: Commercialized Extreme Sports for the Masses SMGT 798 Allison Renard A Paper Presented to the faculty of Lasell College in Partial Fulfillment of the requirement of the Degree Master of Science in Management. ABSTRACT For years, extreme sports had little to nothing in common with each other except for high risk, and an appeal to women and men from the ages of 12 to 34. Entertainment Sports Programming Network (ESPN), realizing this age group was a prime viewing audience, brought together several extreme sports and created yet another commercialized sporting spectacle. Since 1995, this television network has produced the Summer X Games. After these summer productions proved to be successful television and live spectator events, ESPN expanded into the winter extreme sports. The Winter X Games have been produced since 1997. This paper, which commences with the rise of extreme sports, is an historical and sociological analysis of the creation and growth of the ESPN X Games. While these commercialized adventure and extreme sporting events have had some obvious growing pains, both the Summer and Winter X Games have grown into events, which annually attract thousands of spectators and viewers while offering fame and a few dollars to their participants. INTRODUCTION One need only take a quick glance at the daily news to discover that society in general is still in a state of constant change (Leonard, 1993). In the United States, this is especially true...
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...Red Bull: The Anti-Brand Brand The loyal customers of Red Bull drinks are very passionate about the brand. In my opinion the effect that Red Bull has on consumers, not only the drink formula, but also the advertisement, makes Red Bull to meet the customer expectations, and in return the company gains their loyalty. Overall, Red Bull is widely recognized as a leader in content marketing. The most important thing that the mainstream brands can learn from Red Bull, is the ability to create your own market as a company. The company targeted costumers, who would be excited of the new product. Mainly they focused on the youth population, the people who are always party, search for excitement and adrenalin etc. By sponsorship of extreme sport events, they introduce the company products` as extreme. But rather than sponsoring events, Red Bull also developed its own extreme sports, this was innovation in some way, since they were the first company that implemented this marketing strategy. BMX biking, kite boarding, extreme snowboarding, paragliding etc, all these sports are dangerous, adrenaline-fuelled and on the edge, and Red Bull become associated with those activities. To attract more the young population, they organized music events. Red Bull became a popular drink for the young generation to mix it with alcohol. The adults oppose to this way of consuming alcohol, and I know that in my own experience. The other thing that the competitors can learn for sure is the profile that Red...
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...FTC_booklet_282644.indd 1 12/12/07 2:17:02 pm FTC_booklet_282644.indd 2 12/12/07 2:17:59 pm Contents To the limit? Beyond the mountain Keep hope alive! page 4 page 6 page 8 These texts look at different kinds of challenges, from taking part in extreme sports to experiences that change the way people think. They also explore how facing a challenge can inspire people. Facing the challenge FTC_booklet_282644.indd 3 3 12/12/07 2:18:04 pm In this article, Louise Rogers tries to understand why young people are attracted to extreme sports. You can now go deep sea diving without oxygen and do parachute jumping from space. These activities are apparently some of the latest examples of extreme sports. They certainly sound extremely dangerous, and it’s tempting to call them extremely stupid too. You begin to wonder what people will do next: white water rafting without the raft? Skateboarding down Everest? What exactly are extreme sports anyway? According to sports expert Angie Naidoo, they are action sports usually done by someone on their own rather than in a team. ‘Extreme sports involve more than one of the following: speed, height, danger or spectacular stunts,’ explains Angie. ‘They are also often about challenging some aspect of the natural world, whether it’s defying gravity or scaling a very high mountain. They are not all as extreme as parachuting from space! And extreme sports are not just a recent trend either: skiing, skateboarding, in-line...
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...Extreme sports are extremely dangerous but some people think that people don't do the sport for the risk but for the enjoyment of the sport. The people that do these type of sports say that they don't do it because they know it's going to be risky but do the sport to have a good time. There are people we like to call adrenaline junkies we think of them this way because of what they do. They are always doing something extremely risky to get their adrenaline up. The people that take part of these types of sports disagree and say what they do is extremely relaxing and isn't to get an adrenaline rush. The audience sees it completely different. People see it as a risky but entertaining thing to get attention. Performers know that these types of sports are extremely dangerous but they love doing it no matter if they can get really injured while doing it. The performers love doing there sports because they have been doing it for such a long time this all they think about. The performers see these types of extreme sports as a way to relax and really focus on what they are doing. People that perform extreme sports don't do it so much for the adrenaline anymore since they have been doing this for so long it seems normal for them. Mr Brymer from the article Extreme ¨Sports Not About Risk Taking¨ Had interviews with participants from these sports and asked them how they felt during their activities. Participants answered with they had a sense of peace and relaxation while conducting...
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...There are many aspects of the sports world that could be considered controversial, and one of these are dangerous sports. Dangerous sports can be considered anything ranging from mixed martial arts, to base jumping, or bicycle motocross (BMX). These sports in themselves are considered to be controversial due to the potential risk of injury by the participants. For the purposes of this marketing plan, it would be wise to utilize only mixed martial arts. In the attempts to persuade my manager to allow the use of dangerous sports in this marketing campaign, the pros and cons of this plan need to be addressed. These pros can include that this plan could entice a younger demographic to express interest in the product this company would be offering....
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...made a unique booming in the youth sportswear market. The company's unflagging commitment to tracking the latest trends has put it in an excellent position to grab an even larger market share as it heads into the 21st century. On March 16, 1966 Vans Shoe store was established by Paul Van Doren. There is a wide variety of Vans that play a role in many action sports. Style really started to come in the 1960’s when skateboarding started to become big. Skaters needed a type of shoe that was durable and affordable. Vans wanted to make shoes that were manufactured directly to the public. Skateboarding was the main reason vans were invented. Skateboarding means a lot of different things too many people. To some people it was just a sport or game. To others skateboarding was there way of life. It was a quick and almost free get away from stress and everyone’s problems. There were different styles of skateboarding and each style used a different type of shoe. There was vert skateboarding which included a huge 12 foot half pipe were pro riders would do all kinds of new tricks that would continue to change the sport and evolve forever. This type of skateboarding usually needed some type of ankle support. Another type of skateboarding was called “park”. This included a huge concrete or wooden park in which skaters from all ages would learn to ride different types of jumps, lips, stair cases and other obstacles. Most riders didn’t need too much ankle support but just needed a shoe that...
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...Mountain Dew target audience: Demographics: Teen males (18 years old epicenter) and current users (20-39 males) of all ethnicities. Low-to-middle class, some of which still live at home with their parents. Earn low-to-average income with partly-to-full high school education. Behavior: Play sports, very outdoorsy, watch TV (MTV, ESPN, sports broadcasts), read about show business and sports, shop at affordable retail stores, listen to current music, enjoy going out and drinking alcohol. Psychographics: want to embrace excitements, adventures and fun, very energized and enthusiastic. Dislike taking on too many responsibilities but care for their families; wish to be young forever, Advertising Criteria: • Visual magnetism/dynamics (V): Mountain Dew is attempting to expand its appeal to new users. This means Moffitt should capture attention of consumers who are not familiar with the brand and raise their awareness. In a very saturated market with many different alternatives (energy drinks, sodas, etc), an ad must have visual magnetism to attract the viewer, but on the other hand it cannot be too cluttered, noisy and difficult to understand. It has to be exciting, dynamic, and adventurous (similar to the brand itself). • Empathy/Appeal to emotions (E): Moffitt states that his communication strategy is to symbolize that drinking Mountain Dew is an exhilarating experience. If you want to convey the viewers that holding that drink in their hand is the gateway to a whole new...
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...Chapter 1 Practice Test 1) What justification can you give to rewrite 5x+6=7x-3 into 6=2x-3? 2) Solve = −5 for x. 3) 6x+9 > 15 and 8-2x > 4 4) Write an equation that would help answer the question. Be careful to define any variables used. AMC Bowling offers shoes for $5.60 and charges $2.40 per game bowled. Rip Van Winkle Bowling only charges $1.80 per game but $7.50 for shoes. How many games would you have to play for the bill to be the same no matter which alley you went too? 5) AMC Bowling offers shoes for $5.60 and charges $2.40 per game bowled. Rip Van Winkle Bowling only charges $1.80 per game but $7.50 for shoes. How many games would you have to play for the bill to be the same no matter which alley you went too? (solve to the nearest hundredth, assuming you can pay for games in increments of a hundredth ) 6) Give an example of an equation that will end in an identity (all real numbers). 7) If -5.6x + 40 = y represents the height (y) in feet as function of time (x) of a balloon as it descends. What does the -5.6 in the equation mean in the context of the situation? 8) If -5.6x + 40 = y represents the height (y) in feet as function of time (x) of a balloon as it descends. What does the 40 in the equation mean in the context of the situation? 9) If -5.6x + 40 = y represents the height (y) in feet as function of time (x) of a balloon as it descends. What restriction do we have to place on the domain and why? 10) On Thursday in social studies you earned...
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...The Bingo Fling homepage has an arrow penetrating a heart making players fall absolutely in love with the games they are about to play and bonuses they are about to receive. Some of the affectionate promotions they will fall in love with include 500 free spins on Fluffy Favorites and Wheel of Fortune spins yielding some heartfelt bonuses and prizes after depositing £10. Moreover, there is a £250 balance booster that happens on the 15th of every month for certain players and a free daily £500 bingo jackpot bonus lasting for a few hours. The games available are 75 ball bingo and 95 ball bingo with slots. Deposits are instant but withdrawals take about 7 days to Visa and MasterCard, and Maestro. The website software is tested and approved by...
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...Skeleto’Spinner! ________________________________________Introduction of The Games Fair The games fair was hosted by grade 12 data management students in maple high school during the days of Thursday, Oct 26 and Friday, Oct 27. A combined two-day event in which MDM4U1 students were given the opportunity to create and play amusing games that involve the element of chance, and are not dependant on skill. The main focus of this assignment was to create a mathematically unfair game that further clarifies the difference between theoretical and experimental probability. Skeleto’Spinner Description: The Skeleto’Spinner represents equal probability to a great extent. At the cost of two “data dollars,” the chances to win a prize of 13, 6, or 1 “data...
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...Andrea Benjamin Principle Of Marketing 100 12/2/2012 Product Reassessment: Blockbuster Blockbuster Corporation has to reposition them-selves in order to sustain growth in slow market and to correct past mistakes which lead to the company’s bankruptcy (Lamb, Hair, & McDaniel, 2012, p.144). The repositioning of Blockbuster has to change consumer’s mindset of believing that it is a failing entertainment company and not being able to meet the needs of consumers. Blockbuster can be repositioned from a family focused bricks-and-mortar video retail business into targeting each distinct generation with a focus on their lifestyle and customizing services to fit their interest. The different types of generations include Gen Z, Gen Y, Gen X, Baby-boomers, and Greatest Generation. Generation Z known as the internet generation have grown up using communication technology such as internet, cell, phones, and digital cameras which is mostly funded by their parents who are also knowledgeable of similar (n.a., 2010). Born around 2001 and up, this group is the youngest in which our marketing will be focused on which will call for more market studies because of them being very young. Generation Y born between 1980-2000, are also known as the Millennials make up 27.8% of the U.S. population and are very fluent in digital technology (n.a., 2010). This generation is a great target market because they are 75 million strong, have additional disposable income due to support of their parents...
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...How is it that an innocent game would lead to a future of unwanted consequences? No one expects the worst until it finally happens to them. My little sister is very competitive when it comes to winning. Eager to have a slight taste of victory was all it took for her to get into “Game Mode” as I would like to call it. She’ll be too focused on winning and stealing the ball from me that she will do anything to win. It was early in the morning, there were birds chirping while a cool breeze was in the air. Dalia, my little sister, and I arrived outdoors to play a game of soccer. I dashed towards the goal with the soccer ball in front of me ecstatically thinking that I was on my way to making a goal. Unexpectedly, my sister catches up and steals the ball away from me. Surprised, I tried to steal it from her but failed as I heard the ball hit the net...
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...The Literacy of Soccer “Wake Up, America: Here's Why Soccer Is The World's Best Sport.” This is a title of an article about soccer’s influence, which explain the importance of knowing and playing soccer. As everyone knows, soccer is definitely unpopular in the United State. Compared to soccer, local Americans prefer to focus on football, baseball, and basketball. According to a set official data on a magazine about Americans’ favorite sports, the ranking of soccer is around seventy, which is fall behind dog sledding unexpectedly. Now, I have to stand out and announce the significant literacy of soccer because people could improve themselves by touching the philosophy of soccer. Many people regard soccer a kind of sport item and they ignore that the literacy of soccer had become a critical sponsorship when I was young. Actually, the literacy of soccer reflects not only physical training and violent aesthetics when I fight with my rivals, but also the deep value and perspective such as strategy, teamwork, and persistence, which is beneficial to my whole life experience. In order to achieve a goal and success especially over a long period of time, people must establish a series operative strategy which will be helpful to their destination. Just like plans and projects, it is necessary for human beings to make effective strategies because they could get more confidence to make decision in advance. It is why soccer teams need coaches to formulate different kinds of tactics to...
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...PCSX2 1.0.0 Frequently Asked Questions Section I: General questions about the project What is the aim of this project? The aim of this project is to emulate the PlayStation 2, allowing people to play their PS2 games on a pc. This requires having an original PlayStation 2 console (for the BIOS) and of course having the original games as well. Is the project open source? Yes, the project is open source, and it is licensed under the GNU General Public License v3. Can I help the project? Sure you can, please refer to this thread HERE. Is the release package complete? Can I play out of the box? No, the release package is not complete. You need to do at least 2 things before you can play: • • • First, you need to put in your own BIOS. Dump your PlayStation 2 BIOS from your own console. The BIOS dumper is HERE. Second, you need to configure the plugins in the emulator. You can use the official guide found HERE. (Optional) Third, you may need to update your DirectX in order for GSdx to work. GSdx is our suggested graphics plugin. Update DirectX with the web installer HERE. Section II: General questions about the emulator What are the requirements for using this emulator? Minimum • • • • Windows/Linux OS CPU that supports SSE2 (Pentium 4 and up, Athlon64 and up) GPU that supports Pixel Shaders 2.0 512MB RAM Recommended • • • • Windows Vista/7 (both 32bit and 64bit supported) CPU: Core 2 Duo, Core i3/5/7, Phenom II (all at 3.4Ghz+) GPU: 8800GT or...
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...Bullet, civil rights activist Malcolm X suggested that black nationalism should be the philosophy of all African American people. Malcolm X supported this suggestion by using examples of how they have been mistreated to convert them to that philosophy. Malcolm X’s purpose is to persuade the black population to unite, exercise their right to vote and take action if they are robbed their civil rights. Malcolm X uses a commanding tone with the African American people to make them feel angry about what has been done to them and to persuade them that fighting back is the solution. Malcolm X...
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