...Clinical Tip #6 Always use a thyroid collar and lead apron when taking a radiograph on a patient. Be sure to disinfect and carefully hang the apron and collar after use. Never fold the apron or collar. This can lead to cracks in the lead, causing leakage in the barrier. Definitions Administrative radiographs: Radiographs taken for reasons such as teaching films or for compensation by insurance. The reasons are not related to a patient’s state of oral health. Collimation: (2 ¾ inches) It limits the size of the area exposed by the primary beam. It also reduces the amount of scatter. Film holder: The holder aligns the x-ray beam with the film in the patient’s mouth. Filtration: The filtration system removes the long (soft) non-penetrating...
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...General Electric Supply Chain in Radiology Jose Luis Rodriguez II Our Lady of the Lake University Abstract General Electric has continued to be a leader in the industry over the last hundred years. General electric not only works in the energy field, but in transportation and healthcare as well. The company has made a name for itself by providing high quality products. General Electric has been able to innovate and develop radiology equipment that has evolved with technology. The supply chain management for General Electric is an integral part in ensuring high quality is delivered to the customer in a timely manner. From idea conception, to planning, development, and delivery of product, General Electric makes sure that not only are their products a step above the competition, but also evolving as society’s needs continue to evolve. Imagination at work. Since 1878, General Electric (GE) has been one of the leading companies in innovating technology in appliances. GE continues to offer breakthrough technology not only in appliances, but in transportation, energy and in healthcare industries as well. This paper will analyze General Electric’s total quality management (TQM) processes with respect to the advances made by General Electric in the healthcare industry. Discussion will also be made about the impacts and advances General Electric has made to the healthcare industry. General Electric evolved from Thomas Edison’s home laboratory (General Electric...
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...victory when we learn self-mastery and self-discipline (Habits 1-3). We then experience the public victory when we build deep, lasting, highly effective relationships with other people. (Habits 4 - 6). Habit 1 which is the habit of choice. It also means to be proactive in whatever we do.It results in increased influence, more self awareness, to become more initiative and to become the creative force of my life .The principle behind this habit is that one is free to choose and am responsible for the choices. By using proactive behavior instead of reactive behavior, the respond made will be based on principles and desired results rather then allowing outside influences to control their response. In my workplace, for example in Portable X-rays, when the workload gets too heavy, one should seek help from another colleague and use proactive language to react to one's situation instead of being reactive. By using reactive language, it would not result in a positive consequence and thus the effectiveness will decrease. The only colleague may think otherwise of your situation and reluctantly help out. All these...
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...Applied Modern Physics I X-ray diffraction / topography and spectroscopy, electron microscopy, materials science X-ray radiation is very high in energy E = h f (≈ 2 10-15 J = 1,25 104 eV so it’s the same energy an electron would have if it were accelerated by an electrical force going through a potential of 12,500 V) that’s why it penetrated skin and flesh easily, bones not quite so easily and have usage in medicine – is that the main usage??? Who was Conrad Wilhelm Röntgen, discoverer of X-rays? A medical doctor? A physicist, the very first Nobel prize winner in Physics? how did he discover X-rays? 1895, by chance, experimenting with cathode rays (doing similar things to J.J Thompson) on one end of the laboratory, there was a sheet of paper that was covered with a phosphor sitting around at the other end of the laboratory, experimenting in the dark, he noticed that phosphor lights up when he switches on his cathode ray tube, dragging out electrons and accelerating them by a potential difference, the cathode ray tube is expected to be under vacuum, but there was just enough rest gas (air) that electrons got slowed down by being scattered by the molecules, today we know: when electrons are slowed down they radiate off their lost in kinetic energy – and that is X-rays an electromagnetic wave + a stream of high energy photons traveling at the speed of light at the time nobody knows how the radiation originates and of what kind it was: wave or particles? Röntgen...
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...A STUDY ON RADIATION PROTECTION AMONG PATIENTS AND STAFF IN THE IMAGING DEPARTMENT AT KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL. RESEARCH DONE BY: DENIS NOVENA MUNG’AHU COLLEGE NUMBER: D/MIS/10007/191 RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL IMAGING SCIENCES-NYERI CAMPUS IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE STUDY. JANUARY 2013 KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE P.O BOX 466 NYERI. Contents DECLARATION 1 DEDICATION 3 List of abbreviation 4 Operational definition 5 Chapter 1 6 1.0 Introduction 6 1.1 Broad objective 6 1.2 Specific Objectives 6 1.3 Problem Statement 6 1.4 Research Question 7 1.6 Study Justification 8 Chapter 2 9 Literature review 9 2.0: Introduction 9 2.1: Practice of radiation protection principles by the radiographers 10 2.1.1: Beam collimation by the radiographer 10 2.2.2: Beam Limiting Devices 11 2.2.2: Technique Selection 12 2.2.3: Patient identification 12 2.2: The practice of the radiation protection principles 13 The principle of limiting time 13 2.2.2 The principle of distance 14 2.2.3 The principle of applying shielding 15 2.3 To determine patients' level of knowledge 15 2.4 Conclusion 16 Chapter 3 16 Methodology 16 3.0 Background information 16 3.1 Position and size 16 3.2 Topography, climate and temperature 17 3.3 Population 17 3.5 Design 18 3.6 Study area 18 3.7 Sampling size determination 18 3.8 Ethical consideration 19 CHAPTER 4 19 APPENDIX I...
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...they tell you their life stories. Sonography and Ultrasound is the same thing; it just has two names it can go by. In the late 1940’s and early 1950’s, three physicians discovered that sound waves were sent though the body with echoes from different tissues that would form different images of the anatomy of your body. Ultrasound is a sound beam that transfers energy from one point to another like an x-ray beam. These sound waves can only pass through matter and are small vibrations. If there is not matter for the waves to travel through, there is nothing for it to vibrate on and therefore the sound would not exist. There are three components used in Ultrasounds; transducer, the ultrasound beam and an image display on a cathode ray tube or on a screen where the picture is produced. A transducer has two main purposes: Senses the echoes that have returned from the previous pulses to produce the image and it transmits sound in pulses and bursts to create the picture. An ultrasound beam is where light bends and passes through different materials to create an image. A cathode ray tube is a high-vacuum tube in which cathode...
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...intrusiveness and security officer behavior. The T.S.A. insists that the machines are safe. And you believe what the government tells you, don’t you? A quote from security guru Bruce Schneier, a plaintiff in the body scanner lawsuit, calls this “magical thinking… descend on what the terrorists did last time and we will all be safe, as if they won’t think of something else”. Which of course they do. As of November of 2010, there are 373 body scanners in 68 U.S. airports, and another 1000 scanners were in place by the end of 2011. In addition, another 5355 employees are to be hired at a cost of $219 million the first year. The T.S.A. uses two types of scanners, one zaps the passenger with a tiny amount of x-rays which stop at the skin, the...
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...Ultrasonic B-scans are used to create 2-D cross sectional images of the structure of interest. A solid ball would create merely a filled in circle; a tennis ball filled with air would create an image of a outer rim with empty space inside, as shown below: 4. The three controls that a technician uses on an x-ray machine are the voltage adjustment, mA control and the exposure timer. The voltage adjustment is used to control the penetrating power of the beam. A greater penetrating power will decrease the contrast of the image. The mA control is used to determine the current which flows through the filament in the cathode. This changes the number of photons produced, which affects the blackness of the image. Finally, the exposure timer is combined with the mA control to manipulate the darkness of the image. 5. Grids improve the image sharpness when a relatively thick body part is being imaged by maximizing the number of primary photons to pass through to the film, and interacting with the secondary photons to decrease the chance of secondary photons hitting the film. 6. CT scans use multiple x-rays or the rotation of a single x-ray rather than a single straight-forward x-ray to create the final image. The rotational motion of the scanner makes the target area...
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...Week 3 Lab Research Report 1 Ciera M. Jimerson Professor Alisha A. Etheredge SCI-110 October 27, 2013 Once it was impossible to understand the composition of the smallest basic cells, until the invention of microscopes. Even with the tools that exist it is not always possible to safely do in a field that deals with atoms, particles, radiation, and unstable compounds. The technology in the area of physical science makes it very important on how much is learned and studied in the fields of astronomy, chemistry, physics and even earth sciences. There have been many advances that allow for direct measurements in the field of physics, there are many obstacles and challenges to making direct observations in many circumstances. Physics is the study of energy, matter and the interaction between the two, which are impossible to observe with the naked eye. One common thing the field studies is energy creation to non-particles, all of the most recent discoveries in subatomic particles and the origins of the universe have all creative methods to study things that are extremely tiny. This would be the first major challenge to making direct measurements in physics. To avoid this problem, physicist usually studies these particles indirectly through things like associated radiation, energy, or the displacement of other atoms and/or compounds. Every measurement made on atoms or subatomic particles has caused indirect measurements (Kross). There are certain measurement tools whose...
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...R Medical Imaging Radiation The impact of technology in today’s society has increased overtime. Different forms of technology have changed dramatically over the years, the way we now use technology is different to the way it was used before. Everything we do in our days has technology involved in it whether it is in school, work, health and work. People’s view towards the amount of technology that is now involved in our daily lives is different from others and its consequences. Some it’s good but others argue saying it ruins life’s and our perspective towards things. Medical imaging has effects on radiation in the human body which is brought up by the change of technology. Medical imaging such as CT scans, X-rays, ultra sounds and MRI scans which are used in procedures to view the different types of areas in the human body and provide important information for specialists. These procedures present both benefits and risks of using medical imaging; they have helped improve diagnoses and treatments of different types of medical issues. Before there was not much technology in our society meaning there were not such machines, now that technology has grown and brought different type of medical imaging doctors are now able to dictate and have a open understanding of the diagnoses. Studies and researched information have shown that medical imaging is causing radiation to our body ‘The Research Established of the Australian Atomic Energy Commission...
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...licensed nurses. The second option for phase I is based on loan. It consists of a six month repay loan period with the total interest payout of $56,589 and $21,297 interest saved. The monthly payment period is over in twelve months with no prepayment limitation that is an excellent deal.. I chose option one loan plan because it has no prepayment limitation. Taking the first loan will help the hospital close the loan within three months, as compared to the second loan option which could take six months to prepay. Phase II: I chose to take the refurbished loan for the high-Speed CT scanner. Choosing refurbished machines will be a good option and will save the hospital almost 50 percent of the cost price as compared to a new one. With the X-ray option, I had a difficult time making the right decision. However, after searching and reading Gilbert Sanchez’s comments, the Chief Executive Officer, I realized that it might be best to go with Capital Lease. With Capital Lease, the center will get the ownership of the machine after the payment is up. Moreover, after the payment ends the center...
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...Unipedicular vertebroplasty is a better approach for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) than Bipedicular vertebroplasty. Zhang L et al. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2015 Take Home Pearl: Unipedicular and bipedicular PVP are safe and effective treatments for OVCF but when compared to bipedicular PVP, unipedicular PVP entails a shorter surgical time and lower X-ray irradiation. Background: Osteoporosis is one of the most common systemic disorders that is characterized by alter bone micro- architecture, low bone mass and increased risk of fragility fracture. The prevalence of osteoporosis is expected to increase by 25 % in 2025. The fragility fractures associated with osteoporosis are mostly the vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). It affects 25% of the postmenopausal women. It also causes substantial pain and deformity resulting in disability and poor quality of life. The OVCF usually includes treatments such as analgesics, external braces and physical therapies. Many techniques of the vertebral body augmentation is now available in order to treat refractory cases. The percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) has gained much attention in past few decades for treating OVCF. The PVP provides a rapid pain relief to the patients that last for longer period especially in large case series and nonrandomized controlled trials. PVP are relatively safe and effective but are associated with complications that includes cement leakage, soft tissue damage,...
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...Stark Law and Radiologic Imaging Stark Law: some people consider it a highly needed federal law to help protect patients and insurance companies; others dread even the name and feel that it is just another way the federal government interferes with individuals’ daily lives, and see it as an unwanted intrusion into the practice of medicine. What is Stark Law and why was it enacted? Stark Law is actually three separate provisions that govern physicians’ self-referrals, mostly for payment by Medicare patients; it is also known as “the self-referral law.” “The law is named for United States Congressman Pete Stark, who sponsored the initial bill (“STARK LAW,” n.d., para. 1). The first phase became effective on January 1, 1992 (Taromina, 2013, p. 83). It prohibited a physician from referring a patient to a clinical laboratory with which they, or an immediate family member, had a financial relationship. The second phase became effective on January 4, 2001 (Taromina, 2013, p. 83). Stark II applied the already-enacted laws to Medicare and Medicaid patients, and extended the restrictions to include additional designated health services (DHS): physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, radiology services, radiation therapy, durable medical equipment and supplies, parenteral and enteral nutrients, equipment, and supplies, prosthetics, orthotics, and prosthetic devices and supplies, home health services, outpatient prescription drugs, inpatient and outpatient hospital services...
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...of surgery. Staffing for the clinic consists of one surgeon, two senior resident students, three clerks and four registered nurses. Patient flow for the clinic was approximately 80 patients per day, with 60 percent being for follow-up appointments. The process at the clinic can be broken down into several steps. First, at the front-desk, patients must register and verify all necessary medical and identification documents with three nurses and three clerks. Registration ends promptly at 11:30am, while verification continues until 12:45pm. Next, patients are taken to the radiology department where there is six imaging rooms and six technicians on staff. In this step, patients take two types of generic x-rays: upper extremity or lower extremity. Depending on the type of x-ray, extra time must be allotted for adjusting the machine. Patients then also had to wait for development and review of their films by radiologists. Finally, the patients had to return to the clinic and wait for a doctor to review their films with them regarding their injuries. Dr. Kellie Leitch, Chief of Paediatric Orthaepedic Surgery at CHWO was concerned with mounting wait times that were being reported, and decided...
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...A radiographer’s daily routine consist of taking x-rays of fractures and broken bones and determining the reasoning of the patient’s pain. To be more specific, according to Prospect, “a radiographer’s duty includes the usage of digital x-ray systems and computers to look through tissue to examine bones, organs, cavities and foreign objects” (Prospect, 2016). A professional skill that is required in this field is the ability to work under pressure. Due to the large amount of patience, it is the employer’s responsibility to do their job quickly. They must have the ability to apply technical skills together with knowledge and interest in anatomy, physiology and biology. This job requires communication and people skills, in other words, a radiographer must be able to work well with people....
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