...the Legislative will make law and the Judiciary will apply the law and settle dispute. In order of superiority, executive body is being the first, followed by legislature and lastly the judiciary. Here, the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary will be discussed and elaborated further to gain more understanding about the body of government respectively. THE EXECUTIVE. Executive generally defined as a body of government that is responsible for executing the laws, determine the general rules, appoint officials and oversee the administration of government responsibilities. It is regarded as the apex of power in a political system. In Malaysia, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (YDPA) is the head of the state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. Executive authority can be exercised by YDPA, or by the Cabinet or any Minister authorized by the Cabinet. The constitution provided that the...
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...Journal of Politics and Law Vol. 2, No. 3 Accountability from the Perspective of Malaysian Governance Ahmad Faiz Yaakob Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies Universiti Teknologi MARA Terengganu, 23000 Dungun, Terengganu Tel: 60-12-222-7659 E-mail: faiziiu@yahoo.com Nadhrah A. Kadir Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies Universiti Teknologi MARA Terengganu, 23000 Dungun, Terengganu Tel: 60-12-250-4302 E-mail: nadhr292@tganu.uitm.edu.my Kamaruzaman Jusoff (Corresponding author) TropAIR, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia Tel: 60-3-8946-7176 E-mail: kjusoff@yahoo.com Abstract Generally, accountability is often associated with a concept of answerability, responsibility, blameworthiness, liability etc. Commonly, the concept of accountability from the perspective of governance is the means to control the public administration in democratic countries. The classification of public accountability is normally seen in terms of external and internal mechanisms. Hence, this paper shall discuss both mechanisms with special reference to Malaysia. The discussion also focuses on the limitation of each mechanism which rendered some problems to the concept of accountability in Malaysia. Keywords: Accountability, Governance, Public administration, 1. Introduction Accountability is often associated with such concepts as answerability, responsibility, blameworthiness, liability and ...
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...Nominal Executive. The Executive is not directly involved in the governance of the country. The Executive remains as a figure-head and performs ceremonial functions. It has limited powers under the Constitution and must act in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. He/She summons parliament; prorogues and dissolves it on the advice of the Prime Minister.It is not involved in policy-making or policy execution. Examples are: The Yang di-Pertuan Agong; the British Queen (Head of State). The Real Executive. The Executive has actual and wider powers. It is directly involved in the administration of the country and has actual control over the country. It makes decisions and policies. Examples are: The Prime Minister and his Cabinet in the United Kingdom, Malaysia, Canada, Australia and India. nominal executive a person who heads the executive branch but does not have the power to execute major and important decisions. normally a king. real executive a leader who holds real power. make a important decisions for the country. Prime Minister. Both nominal and real executives have different meaning and function. Firstly, for nominal executive, it is mean that a man, either hereditary or elected is the head of government in theory but not in reality. These nominal executive is the executive is not directly involved in the governance of the country. Nominal executive refers to a person who often acts on the advice of someone (the prime minister or the cabinet) who...
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...- Art 12(2) gives every religions group the right to establish and maintain institution for the education of children in its own religion and allows the federation may establish or maintain institution providing instruction in Islam. - Art(12)3 states that no person shall be required to receive instruction in or to take part in any ceremony or act of worship of a religion other than his own. LANGUAGE - Art 152(1) provides that Malay shall be the national language but no person shall be prohibited or prevented from using or from teaching or learning any other languages - After merdeka there was a move towards the establishment of BM “de facto” as the national and official language. - Art 152(2) allowed English to be used in parliament, in state assemblies and for official purpose for 10 years after merdeka. POLITICAL RIGHTS - General consideration under art 10- defined as rights to participate in the political process other than through ballot box: in other words the rights to freedom of speech and expression, assembly and association. - Freedom of speech - Many statues which restricted the right of freedom of speech and expression. - Especially with regard to the sensitive issues under sedition act, printing presses and publication act 1984. And official secret act.1971. SEDITION - The sedition Act was originally enacted in 1948.The act makes it an offence to utter or publish words which have a seditious tendency, defined as: Bringing into hatred or contempt...
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...ور ا م & SELAMAT SEJAHTERA ا و آ BAB 1: PENGENALAN MASYARAKAT MALAYSIA TOPIK-TOPIK BAB; TOPIKMASYARAKAT BUDAYA HUBUNGAN ETNIK DI MALAYSIA MPW 1133 PENGAJIAN MALAYSIA Tenaga Pengajar: Pengajar: En. Muhamad Wazir Bin Muslat FPSS UNiSEL, Bestari Jaya UNiSEL, Tel : 017-2406268 017email: muhamad_wazir_muslat@yahoo.com 1 2 MASYARAKAT PENGENALAN Negara D.K.R.T Malaysia dari segi Sejarah Kedudukan geografi Kedudukan ekonomi Kepelbagaian masyarakat PENGENALAN DEFINISI MASYARAKAT KONSEP-KONSEP MASYARAKAT KONSEPMASYARAKAT MAJMUK HUBUNGAN ETNIK PEMBINAAN BANGSA/NATION MALAYSIA 3 4 DEFINISI MASYARAKAT Kamus Dewan > kumpulan manusia yg menetap bersama di suatu tempattempatmengikut aturan tertentu Kelompok terbesar dari makhluk manusia dimana mereka hidup terjaring kebudayaan (Kucaraningrat) Kucaraningrat) Kelompok manusia yg telah lama hidup & bekerjasama sehingga mereka dapat mengorganisasikan dirinya & berfikir mengenai dirinya sebagai kesatuan sosial yg mempunyai batas-batas tertentu batas(Linton) Samb... Satu kum. manusia yg b'hbg secara tetap & kum. t'sususn dlm m'jlnkan aktiviti2nya secara kolektif & merasakan bhw mrk adalah hidup b'sama. b'sama. Bukanlah individu yg sama shj m'jadi anggota satu2 msykt krn anggota baru akan terus menerus lahir di dlmnya & ada pula yg mati. Oleh mati. yg demikian t'dpt p'hub. terus menerus di p'hub. kalangan mrk yg masih hidup & kekal selama b'abad2 (Roucek & Warren, 1976) (Roucek Satu kumpulan / kelompok manusia...
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...THE CONSTITUTION OF MALAYSIA The Constitution is a document that contains the highest laws of the country. No other law can contravene the constitution. The Federal Constitution (Malaysia) we have today is based on the Constitution of the Federal of Malaya presented by the Reid Commission in 1957. The 1957 document was amended to suit the requirements of the enlarge federation and put into effects as the Constitution when Malaysia was proclaimed on 16 September 1963. SOURCE OF LAW IN MALAYSIA WRITEN: - Federal Constitution - Act ( laws enacted) - Enactment/ Ordinance - Written Islamic Law - Minor Legislations UNWRITTEN: - Customary Law - Court decisions - Common Law - Unwritten Islamic Law FEDERAL CONSTITUTION & STATE CONSTITUTIONS Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya. The country has a central federal government and 13 states governments. The Federal Constitution provides for a separation of powers between the federal government and the respective state governments. This power separation is aimed at ensuring the smooth operation of the federal system and the avoidance of disputes that may arise between the central government and a state government. The extent of the Federal Government’s power is mentioned in the Federal List. Federal List - Foreign Affairs - Defense - Internal Security - Legal and civil agendas and crime and...
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...1.0 PENGENALAN Asas kerukunan hidup bermasyarakat ialah permuafakatan dan perpaduan yang melambangkan wujudnya “kesatuan hati”. Perpecahan dan persengketaan pula menyebabkan anggota masyarakat itu akan sentiasa bergelut dengan tarikan yang berbeza arah. Ini bermakna “konflik” yang tidak berkesudahan akan menghantui kehidupan masyarakat. Justeru, bagi membentuk sebuah negara yang padu mesti ada etika dan falsafah kenegaraan yang dapat membina kecintaan (patriotisme), kesetiaan, permuafakatan dan perpaduan rakyatnya. Di negara kita, kerajaan telah menggubal Rukun Negara sebagai falsafah, etika dan ideologi (doktrin) negara. Sewajarnyalah setiap rakyat memahami latar belakang, objektif dan prinsip Rukun Negara itu. Dari segi latar belakangnya, Rukun Negara digubal setelah berlakunya peristiwa rusuhan kaum pada 13 Mei 1969. Peristiwa tersebut telah mendorong pemimpin negara dari pelbagai kaum memikirkan satu formula bagi memulihkan perpaduan kaum yang lebih utuh dan kental. Rukun Negara digubal sebagai satu bentuk garis panduan dalam membina masyarakat yang bersatu padu, adil dan harmoni. Rukun Negara telah menjadi dasar kesatuan dan perpaduan bangsa serta pedoman bagi kegiatan hidup masyarakat pelbagai kaum dan budaya di negara ini. Rukun Negara mempunyai lima objektif, iaitu: untuk mencapai perpaduan yang lebih erat di kalangan seluruh masyarakat; memelihara cara hidup demokratik; mencipta satu masyarakat yang adil supaya kemakmuran negara dapat dinikmati bersama secara...
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...------------------------------------------------- Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2010) | Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia defines various terms used in the Constitution. It has an important impact on Islam in Malaysia and the Malay people due to its definition of a Malay person under clause 2. It took effect after August 31, 1957 ("Merdeka Day" or "Independence Day") in West Malaysia, and took effect in Singapore and East Malaysia when they merged withMalaya in 1963. The article no longer applies to Singapore, as it declared independence from Malaysia in 1965 (Singapore is also a secular state); however, it does affect the legal status of Malay Singaporeans when they enter Malaysia. ------------------------------------------------- Definition of a Malay[edit] The article defines a Malay as a Malaysian citizen born to a Malaysian citizen who professes to be a Muslim, habitually speaks the Malay language, adheres to Malay customs, and is domiciled in Malaysia or Singapore. As a result, Malay citizens who convert out of Islam are no longer considered Malay under the law. Hence, the Bumiputra privileges afforded to Malays under Article 153 of the Constitution, the New Economic Policy (NEP), etc. are forfeit for such converts. Likewise...
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...explained below: 1. Original : It means the case is heard here first. The cases are vested in FC exclusive original jurisdiction under Art.128(1), which are regarding the validity of federal and state laws, and disputes on any other question between states or between the Federation and any States:s82 CJA 1964. It also exercises a consultative jurisdiction when it is necessary. 2. Referral: When a question as to the effect of any provision of the Constitution arises in a proceeding before another court, the Federal Court has jurisdiction to determine the question and remit the case to the other court to be disposed of accordingly(Art.128(2)). 3. Advisory: FC gives its opinion on any question referred to it by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong(YDPA) concerning the effect of any...
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...MALAYSIAN LABOUR LAW 1. INTERPRETATION OF “WORKMAN” WITHIN THE SCOPE OF EMPLOYMENT ACT 1955 AND INDUSTRIAL ACT 1967 EMPLOYMENT ACT 1955 ❖ First Schedule Section 2(1) EA 1955- 1] any person, irrespective of his occupation, who has entered into a contract of service with an employer under which such person’s wages do not exceed RM 1500 per month 2] any person who irrespective of the amount of wages he earns in a month, has entered into a contract of service with an employer in pursuant of which :- (a) he is engaged in manual labour including such labour as an artisan or apprentice: provided that where a person is employed by one employer partly in manual labour and partly in some other capacity, such person shall not be deemed to be performing manual labour unless the time during which he is required to perform manual labour in anyone wage period exceeds one-half of the total time during which he is required to work in such wage period . (b) he is engaged in the operation or maintenance of any mechanically propelled vehicle operated for the transport of passengers or goods or for reward or for commercial purposes. (c) he supervises or oversees other employees engaged in manual labour employed by the same employer in and throughout the performance of their work. (d) he is engaged in any capacity in any vessel registered in Malaysia and who:- I] is not an officer certificated under the Merchant...
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