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Yule Book Summary

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YULE – THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE
S U M M A R Y ( C HA P TE R S F O R I S L 1 )

CHAPTER 1 – THE ORIGINS OF LANGUAGE
The divine source:



Bible: Adam gave names to the things
Hindu: wife of the creator of the universe created the language

Several experiments to find the “original” language:




Psammetichus: two babies grew up only for the company of goats children have uttered “bekos” – (Phrygian word for “bread”) could be the sound of the goats “be” (Greek suffix “-kos”)
King James the Fourth: Children should have started speaking Hebrew
Other experiments: children whit no access to human language grow up with no language at all

The natural sound source:



Language as a result of onomatopoeia and/or natural cries of emotion
(e.g. splash, bang, boom, ouch, ooh, wow,…)
What about soundless and abstract things?

The social interaction source:



Language as a result of communication between earliest groups of humans, who used hums, grunts and groans -> language as a progress of this
Apes and other primates also have grunts and groans for communication, but no language The physical adaption source:


Evolution factors which have made humans able to develop language: o Teeth are upright and even in height o Lips have more intricate muscle interlacing than other primates o Mouth is smaller an can be opened and closed rapidly o Tongue is smaller, thicker and more muscular o Larynx (containing the vocal cords) is much lower than the position of other primates o Pharynx (above vocal cords) acts as a resonator

The tool-making source:



Maybe there was an evolutional connection between the language-using and the toolusing abilities
All languages require structural organization and combining of sounds or signs (similar to tool making; step by step)

Summary – ISL1 Yule

1

The genetic source:



Humans are born with a special capacity for language (even deaf

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