...October 2011 China And Africa. Zambia - China: Trade, Politics, and Development. Scope : In little over three decades, the Bilateral relationship between Zambia and the Peoples Republic of China has been cemented with a stronghold foundation, but then again, as interests have been reciprocated allying both over time, politics and economic imbalance has caused trade and development to be somewhat controversial in their Relationship. This paper will also look at the historical and contemporary ties between the two economies. In the Late 1960’s, shortly after Zambia’s Independence, China constructed a 2000km railway linking Zambia to Tanzania, in order to provide an alternate route to seaport trade for Zambia. This gesture, showed China’s interest in building ties with the Southern African State, and it also showed, that China could be a dependable ally of the Zambia. Zambia in turn also reciprocated, supporting the One China policy and also co- sponsoring China’s bid in the UN Security Council. Since then, both states have become affiliates with the sole purpose of steadfast development through trade and aid. After time and effort have been put into building political ties, investments made among allied states tend to incline economic gains and this gives birth to a new type of partnership among states. Chinese Investments in the Zambia can be dated back to the period of Zambia’s Post-independence, this was...
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...NTRODUCTION The concept of regulating a country s energy sector is more than one hundred years old, having been initiated in America. In later years, Europe also established regulatory agencies for the energy sector having seen the need for dedicated bodies to regulate what is often referred to as the engine of any economy - the energy sector. It has been argued that the steady development of the energy sector in the developing world is partly attributable to the presence of regulatory agencies, specifically focused on that sector. It is therefore not surprising that the developing world has decided to follow suit in recent years. Thus, at present, regulation is a worldwide phenomenon common in both the developed and developing countries. In fact, some countries without regulatory agencies in place feel left behind and are in a hurry to learn from countries with regulators in place. Over the years, the ever-increasing involvement of the private sector has reinforced the need for autonomous agencies to regulate the sector. Regulation has largely entailed balancing the needs of both consumers and utilities. Thus, through regulation, utilities are able to operate in an environment where they can get a reasonable rate of return on their investment, while providing a quality service to consumers. With the advent of regulation, there now exist generally distinct and clear roles for different players in the sector Government formulates policy, utilities provide the services while...
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...and nearly every firm needs to undergo reorganization at some point to help meet new challenges. Structural changes are needed to reflect new strategies or respond to changes in other contingency factors such as environment, technology, size and life cycle, and culture. The following essay seeks to critically analyze and discuss the realignments that have taken place in the Zambian bureaucracy since the last quarter of 2011 with reference to the body of knowledge on organization structure and design. In the period between October, 2010 - September 2012, the government of the Republic of Zambia has made pronouncements to change the public service organization structure. This has been as a result of the change of government following the Patriotic Front under the leadership of Micheal Chilufya Sata (PF) ousting the Movement for Multiparty Development (MMD), this was in the September, 2011 Zambia general elections. Ludwig (1944, defines bureaucracy as a personnel and administrative structure of an organization, implying that the bureaucracy of any organization is a structure that has got positions with people carrying on day to day activities. Organizational structure is the hierarchical arrangement of lines of authority, communications, rights and duties of an organization. It determines how the roles, power and responsibilities are assigned, controlled, and coordinated, and how information flows between the different levels of management. A structure depends on the organization's...
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...Zambia, my country of birth where I spent a significant part of my childhood, got its name from the Zambezi River, the largest river flowing into the Indian Ocean. It is a landlocked country located between the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Zimbabwe (Holmes & Wong, 2009, p. 7). Zambia’s population has been steadily increasing from 7.8 Million in 1990 (City Population Zambia, 2007) to 12.9 million in 2009 (US Department of State, 2009). At the forefront of Zambia’s economy is its ability to mine for great natural resources such as emeralds, aquamarines, amethyst and tourmalines (Dickovick, 2008, p. 320). It also produces 6% of the world’s copper, making it the fourth largest producing copper nation (Holmes & Wong, 2009, p. 44). Lusaka, the city I grew up in and the capital city of Zambia is one of the fastest growing cities in central Africa. Lusaka has changed dramatically from the time I left in 1990 to the time I visited it a few years ago. The changes in society, economic infrastructure and human condition have been dramatic. Zambia has changed so much over a span of 19 years. All the activities that I remember doing with my family and friends, such as safaris and picnics at the Kafue River, on the weekends and holidays have been closed. The zoo which used to be filled with amazing wildlife, which I frequently visited, does not exist anymore. All the animals which once resided there died or escaped because they were not fed properly or looked after...
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..."A GOOD HEAD AND A GOOD HEART ARE ALWAYS A FORMIDABLE COMBINATION Nelson Mandela ZAMBIA POLITICS IN GENERAL The Zambian politics especially those exhibited by the ruling Government or in certain sectors of the opposition today has become alarmingly volatile over the past few years. In the olden days when Zambians very well understood who they were, as a dignified and well cultured people of good moral standing, it was unheard of, for individuals in the same community to publicly demean one another in the way many politicians in the ruling Government and certain sectors of the opposition talk about each other today. There is no doubt that society would reprimand any citizens for not respecting each other or for publicly bringing down their dignity to disrepute. UPND believes that Politicians are supposed to be individuals of integrity and responsible leaders of our country, yet actions of some politicians in the ruling government appear like people who do not want to serve the interests of the Zambians but their own interests. It shouldn't be a mystery to anyone why things don't get done in Zambia when we see how the ruling Government and some opposition leaders talk to one another other. The question is why have our politicians that are in Government become so malicious toward those in the opposition over the years? • Is it that they do not have true leadership attributes, • Or is it that they are just power hungry, • Or is it that our culture has lost...
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...THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING NAME: Nash H Kabunda PROGRAMME: M.Eng ICT COURSE: EEE6511 (Telecoms Industry, Policy & Regulation) TASK: Assignment 2 LECTURER: Dr. D. Banda HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF THE ICT INDUSTRY IN ZAMBIA. The first telephone exchange to be placed in Zambia was installed in Livingstone in 1913. The telephone circuit backbone infrastructure was developed in the major Zambian cities along the so called “line of rail”. The ‘line of rail’ spans from Livingstone through Lusaka to Copperbelt provinces. After the independence of Zambia in 1964, the country’s economy was based on socialistic principles until 1991. This means major that major business institutions and industries such as the mines, airlines, national railways, the post and the telecommunication were wholly or majority share owned by the government of the republic of Zambia. Therefore the Zambia Telecommunication company provided all telecommunication and postal services as a monopoly in the early years after Zambia attained independence. Liberalization of Zambian Economy In 1991, Zambia political terrain changed to a multiparty and democratic environment. The new government commanded a new liberalized economy where private participation in all spheres of the economy was to be maximized and government’s minimized and eventually phased out completely. In a major effort to liberalize the telecommunications...
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...health issues or, if it is the rest of the world that does in fact not know how to manage Africa’s health issues or their own. In particular I am going to use Zambia as my African case study. I would argue that Africans have a number of factors that make them distinctly not ‘stupid.’ For example, in Zambia 15.3% of people have AIDS, there are 600,000 orphans as a result of AIDS. In order to reduce this number, ‘Anti Aids Clubs’ have been established in schools. There is a wide network of schools in Zambia so information about prevention and protection can easily be spread and targeted at a young people. This should result in a decrease of such a high percentage of Africans in Zambia suffering. The Zambian Government have also admitted to the IHP they would benefit from ‘closer donor & international partner co-ordination.’ This shows Zambia knows that it needs to change and cannot achieve change by themselves. The first way of solving a problem is admitting to it. Therefore, the people of Zambia are clearly not being ‘stupid’ as they are not ignoring the problem. You should also take into consideration that they have already established and put into place long term aid. I would say that if you were being ’stupid’ then you would not be looking into the future, but instead only thinking about short term aid. Clearly Zambia is planning how best to go about solving this problem rationally and has looked at aspects such as only 36% of people live in urban areas and therefore, as...
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...One of the major reasons for bad relations amongst the nations of Europe in the years before 1914 was that they were engaged in a struggle to obtain overseas colonies. Although this happened in several areas of the world, the most dramatic changes took place in Africa. Many nations took part in what became known as the “Scramble for Africa”. The following pages will show the territory gained by each nation, and will explain why the race to gain colonies played a part in the build-up of international tensions which eventually resulted in World War One. During the late 1800s, relations between Britain and France were strained by a series of disputes over African colonies. Both nations hoped to control Egypt and Morocco and this caused many bitter arguments. These were eventually settled in 1904 by the Entente Cordiale. This “friendly understanding” said that Britain should control Egypt and France should control Morocco. However, Germany strongly objected to this agreement… Kaiser William II was jealous of the empires of both France and Britain and tried to break up the “friendly understanding” between them. On two occasions, in 1905 and 1911, German claims over Morocco raised international tension. Indeed, the “Agadir Incident” of 1911 caused Britain to hint that war might result if Germany continued her claims. This crisis passed, but these disputes simply made international relations worse. The bad feeling they created (combined with other factors) made the possibility...
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...Deaven Jackson November 1, 2010 BUSN 225 Zambia One downfall for visitors when visiting other countries is that they do not witness the struggles, trials and tribulations a country might of went through to get to the point there at. Zambia is a prime example of perseverance and determination, during the 1960s and early 1970s Zambia had one of the fastest growing economies in Africa. Twenty years later it suffered major economic decline with appalling increases in the level of poverty. After its downfall Zambia has managed to emerge, the economic history of Zambia is divided into six stages during the pre colonization stage many of the people of Zambia were organized into chieftaincies and monarchies that developed a network of trading in copper, ivory, rhino horn and slaves. Before this stage took place economic decision making was confined to local communities, but as the economy began to flourish, the natural riches of the economy were exposed. The colonization era brought about the importance of copper; many were forced to work in the mines to pay for the high taxes on their homes with the creation of the hut tax. The Post Independence Boom encouraged the African Labor Force to form trade unions creating conglomerates like Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines (ZCCM). The Economic Decline in 1970’s and 1980’s stage showed the over dependence Zambia had on the copper mines and the growth of the 1960’s changed with the period between 1975 and 1990 the level of...
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...the economy that play essential roles in the economy. However, the tourism sector in Zambia is one of the sector that play very important roles in the growth and well being of the economy as it attracts both local and foreign investors. The industry has now grown more than it used be because both Zambians and foreigners have invested into it and a lot of other people around the world on the other hand want to explore and have some good, quality and leisure moments after working so hard. Tourism brings into the country foreign exchange and revenues to the individuals who are self employed such as Artists. This project is an innovative venture to create a tourist resort in Livingstone. The project company will control and manage most of the key risks (e.g. utility supplies) associated with the project. Consequently, the project is also perceived as being attractive to corporate investors. Apart from that, the project has dedicated professionals who are passionate about the economic developments and will contribute to successfully deliver this project. In particular, this project will seek to achieve a standard of development and allow a quality of life that will appeal to Zambian in Diaspora and others. It will also create an affordable tourism experience for middle income Zambians and a variety of new businesses and jobs, and will consequently improve the inflows of revenue from outside Zambia and will act as a catalyst for similar Developments elsewhere in...
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... : +260 977 626078 Email : eddielocho@gmail.com PROFILE I have achieved experience and skills from research related activities. I have excellent interpersonal communication and presentation skills. I am also goal oriented, a strong team player, disciplined and committed to achieving the desired results with minimum or no supervision at all. I am also sociable, a fast learner, and possess the ability to adapt and adjust to the changing working cultures and environments. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND YEAR INSTITUTION QUALIFICATIONS 2007-2012 University of Zambia Bachelor of Mineral Sciences 1997-2001 St Pauls Secondary School G.C.E. Certificate WORK EXPERIENCE DURATION COMPANY POSITION 12 Months Universal Mining and Chemicals Industries Ltd Safety officer 6...
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...INDEPENDENCE OF Rhodesia INTRODUCTION Chou En-lai, when visiting Somalia in February 1964, stated that 'revolutionary prospects throughout the African continent are excellent'. Now some ten years later there appears to be military stalemate between the liberation movements in Angola, Guinea (Bissau) and Mozambique and the 150,000 or more troops maintaining Portuguese rule in those territories. South Africa remains relatively unscathed by such insurgent activity, although she has recently become concerned at the increasing military effectiveness of the insurgents in Namibia (South West Africa), an area she continues to administer in defiance of United Nations' rulings. For the last decade Rhodesia has been faced with recurrent periods of insurgency which have varied in their seriousness. Rhodesia's political and geographical position gives her a particular strategic importance in the confrontation between white and black in southern Africa. Together with Botswana, Rhodesia provides the most direct physical access into the Republic of South Africa regarded by her enemies as the powerhouse of the whole system of white supremacy. From a political viewpoint it seems improbable that white Rhodesia, unlike South Africa, has either the human or material resources to sustain for any considerable time the luxury of racial privilege dependent upon a system of social and political discrimination; and unlike the situation in Angola and Mozambique, there...
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...Income inequality also remains very high in Zambia. Levels of inequality remains very high, with the Gini coefficient, having increased from 0.64 in 2001 and 2004 to 0.67 in 2008. The conclusion is inescapable, "the gains from general economic growth in the country are not helping close the inequality gap. If these findings are corroborated by other studies then they have very important policy implications. The question remains, what kind of investments are required to close the inequality gap and raise the majority of rural Zambians out of poverty". The main conclusions on the way forward : Comparison of households trapped in chronic poverty with those who maintain consistent high incomes suggests two major pathways out of poverty in rural Zambia. One pathway involves agricultural asset accumulation and commercialization. An alternate, though complementary path revolves around investment in secondary and post-secondary education of children which translates, in the next generation, into high-paying nonfarm employment. Household mobility – through temporary or permanent migration – appears to facilitate movement along both pathways. In contrast, negative factors, which tend to trap households in chronic poverty, include health shocks to adult household members and mortality of prime-age adults. High dependency ratios, particularly young children and aging parents, likewise appear to limit upward economic mobility. Key public investments that serve to accelerate these...
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...INTRODUCTION This assignment is on the role of the Constitution Review commission in the constitution making process, the relationship between 1972 constitution and the UNIP constitution. The assignment will also analyse the difference between provisions of article 71(2) (c) of 1991 and 1996 and the relevant case law that brought about the change of the provision. Definitions of CRC will be given and a brief history of the various CRCs will be given and in addition each of the relevant questions will be looked at individually and answered according to the case law and statutes available and relevant to them. A: THE ROLE OF CONSTITUTION REVIEW COMMISSION IN THE CONSTITUTION MAKING PROCESS A constitution review commission is an inquiry into matters of public interest that is appointed by the president. The constitution review commission is normally abbreviated as CRC. A CRC is made in pursuance of the Inquiries Act CAP 41 which states in part that the Act (Inquiries Act) shall provide for the appointment of a commission to inquire into and report on matters referred to them. Article 2 (1) states, “The president may issue a commission appointing one or more commissions to inquire into any matter in which an inquiry would in the opinion of the president, be for the public welfare”. Role of CRCs in constitution making process. The role that CRCs play in the constitution making process can never be over emphasized. These two aspects that is the process of constitutional making...
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...is Zambia located in the southern part of Africa. Zambia’s history goes back to the debut of Homo sapiens: evidence of human habitation going back 100,000 years has been found at Kabwe, north of Lusaka. Beginning around 1000 AD, Swahili-Arab slave-traders gradually penetrated the region from their city-states on the eastern coast of Africa. Between the 14th and 16th centuries a Bantu-speaking group known as the Maravi migrated from present-day Congo (Zaïre) and established kingdoms in eastern and southeastern Zambia. In the 18th century, Portuguese explorers following the routes of Swahili-Arab slavers from the coast into the interior became the first known European visitors. After the Zulu nation to the south began scattering its neighbors, victims of the Difaqane (forced migration) began arriving in Zambia in the early 19th century. Squeezed out of Zimbabwe, the Makalolo people moved into southern Zambia, pushing the Tonga out of the way and grabbing Lozi territory on the upper Zambezi River. Zambia is a land locked country with a population 12,935,368. Kenneth Kaunda, a militant former schoolteacher, took over the leadership of the Africans from the more moderate Nkumbula and in 1959 formed a new party, the United National Independence Party (UNIP). Following a massive civil disobedience campaign in 1962, Africans were given a larger voice in the affairs of the protectorate. On 24 October 1964 Northern Rhodesia became independent as the Republic of Zambia, with...
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