...provided funding to Baltimore; Birmingham, Bridgeport, Cleveland; Inglewood; Milwaukee; Richmond; Salinas; San Antonio; and Seattle, police departments to support targeted, focused enforcement efforts to combat the rise of youth firearm violence. The Youth Firearms Violence Initiative (YFVI) was designed to help law enforcement agencies develop programs and strategies to oppose firearm violence by youths. YFVI encouraged selected jurisdictions to employ community policing approaches to develop or enhance programs designed to decrease several of violent crimes committed by youths; Reduce firearms-related gang offenses; Reduce firearms-related drug offenses in their cities and neighborhoods.(COPS,2003)...
Words: 664 - Pages: 3
...Jail and Prisons Comparison Annette C. Carney CJA/234 September 27, 202 Juan Juarez Jail and Prisons Comparison Even though the jails and prisons are overcrowded and some offenders keep repeating the crimes; jail’s place in corrections and throughout history is an important one. There is a long history of state, and federal prisons with a series of similarities and differences between security levels in the jails, state prisons, and federal prisons. The corrections system has improved over the years to try to benefit not only the community, but the offenders as well. Punishment and corrections for crimes has been around for centuries; in Colonial America they used corporal punishment, Public humiliation, and workhouses to teach people lessons for committing crimes (University of Phoenix, 2011). The believed that the harsher the punishment or humiliation the less likely a person is to repeat the crime, and others would be scared to commit crimes. The Quakers did not believe this, they believed that there were more humane ways to punish, rehabilitate, and correct the criminal acts. Even though they mixed violent criminals with those who had minor infractions, and mixed men with women; the conditions were still an improvement compared to years before. This soon rubbed off, and other colonies started to incorporate these beliefs. As our nation formed each state began to maintain its own incarceration system (University of Phoenix, 2011). The penitentiary era began in 1790...
Words: 1639 - Pages: 7
...Title registration for a review proposal: Broken Windows Policing to Reduce Crime in Neighborhoods Submitted to the Coordinating Group of: _X Crime and Justice __ Education __ Social Welfare __ Other Plans to co-register: _X No __ Yes __ Cochrane __ Other __ Maybe TITLE OF THE REVIEW Broken Windows Policing to Reduce Crime in Neighborhoods BACKGROUND Briefly describe and define the problem Crime policy scholars, primarily James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling, and practitioners, such as Los Angeles Police Chief William J. Bratton, have argued for years that when police pay attention to minor offenses—such as aggressive panhandling, prostitution, and graffiti—they can reduce fear, strengthen communities, and prevent serious crime (Bratton & Kelling, 2006; Wilson & Kelling, 1982). Spurred by claims of large declines in serious crime after the approach was adopted in New York City, dealing with physical and social disorder, or “fixing broken windows,” has become a central element of crime prevention strategies adopted by many American police departments (Kelling & Coles, 1996; Sousa & Kelling, 2006). In their seminal “broken windows” article, Wilson and Kelling (1982) argue that social incivilities (e.g., loitering, public drinking, and prostitution) and physical incivilities (e.g., vacant lots, trash, and abandoned buildings) cause residents and workers in a neighborhood to be fearful. Fear causes many stable families to move out of the neighborhood and the remaining residents...
Words: 2512 - Pages: 11
...Any parts of the state that were a waste were systematically defunded. Anyone who was dependent on those were left to fend for themselves and blamed for their inability to succeed. Troubled areas lost state support, schools closed, jobs moved and welfare revoked. Policies focused on the individual, but removed all support for individuals. Economic reasoning shifted to value and cost. Workers value became sole based on production and everyone is viewed as expendable. Wastefulness is not tolerated, mistakes are unacceptable, and either can lead to demotion or termination, or they can lead to fines and...
Words: 1922 - Pages: 8
...Introduction. The polemical debate in understanding why crime occurred in society had invited a cornucopia of theoretical ideas based on ideology, pragmatism, and concomitant paradigmatic shifts. This debate, sometimes vitriolic and vexatious in equal measure, had resonated across the centuries mostly via philosophical thought. In the last two hundred years, however, the debate had become increasingly interwoven and complicated by newly-developed and derivative theories (sometimes polar or diametrically opposed) through the complex entanglement of modern societal development and socio-political thought. Insodoing, unpacking and defining the etiology of crime has proved to be a noteworthy adversary. This essay would seek to examine this unfolding drama of etiological proportions by addressing one of these key modern-day ideological polarities: right realism and left realism. It would critically discuss the relational polarity between these two theories by first examining and then comparing their respective etiologies. Second, it would examine and critique the interplay between ideology and British crime policy. Left Realism (LR): Etiology. “Left realism was explicitly, although not exclusively, concerned with the origins, nature, and impact of crime in the working class” (Lilly, Cullen, & Ball, 2007: p.191). It was a radical criminology and a very British development (Newburn, 2007). It was ‘Left’ as crime was envisaged as endemic owing to the class and patriarchical...
Words: 5201 - Pages: 21
...Multidimensional Lenses on Migration Dilara Sönmez Middle East Technical University Department of International Relations, #1541077 ABSTRACT National and international security has gained new meanings and elements in recent years, especially after Cold War. The changed concept of security has been more and more broadened with accelerated effects of globalization and shocking September 11 events. The new issues of security agenda may be listed as immigration, global terror, climate change, energy, internal violence, human security etc. This article recovers mainly how irregular migration effects national and human security in a multi dimensional framework, from theories to the cases under several sections of the paper. Firstly, the definition and types; secondly motivations of immigration are outlined with a historical and theoretical briefs. Then the general perception on migration and motivations of migration will be connected more specific sections that are, in sequence, international lenses on migration regarding state and public securities and more specifically, the lenses of the US and European Union on migration. The conclusion part put my arguments as done during article that are both agreed and disagreed with the mainstream theories and the opinions of expert that are stated in the article. Definitions and Types of Migration The term of migration has several definitions that give almost similar meanings. Generally, in social science literature, Migration...
Words: 5218 - Pages: 21
...Crime, Transitory Poverty, and Isolation: Evidence from Madagascar Marcel Fafchamps University of Oxford y Bart Minten Cornell Universityz June 2005 Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between poverty and crime. Following a disputed presidential election, fuel supply to the highlands of Madagascar was severely curtailed in early 2002, resulting in a massive increase in poverty and transport costs. Using original survey data collected in June 2002 at the height of the crisis, we …nd that crop theft increases with transitory poverty. Theft thus appears to be used by some of the rural poor as a risk coping strategy. Increased transport costs led to a rise in cattle and crop theft, con…rming earlier …ndings that, in Madagascar, geographical isolation is associated with certain forms of crime. We also …nd that an increase in law enforcement personnel locally reduces cattle theft which, in Madagascar, is a form of organized crime. JEL classi…cation code: K14, I39 We thank Eliane Ralison and Lalaina Randrianarison for their assistance in collecting and cleaning the data. Funding for this project was provided by USAID and Cornell University. y Department of Economics, University of Oxford, Manor Road, Oxford OX1 3UQ. Email: . Fax: +44(0)1865-281447. Tel: +44(0)1865-281446. z Cornell Food and Nutrition Policy Program, Cornell University, Ithaca NY. Email: 1. Introduction There has long been a suspicion that poverty favors criminal activity, but hard evidence...
Words: 10952 - Pages: 44
...Functionalism, strain and Subcultural theories Durkheim’s functionalist theory Functionalism – society based on value consensus. Members of society sharing common culture. In order to achieve this, two things needed: - Socialisation – helps ensure individuals share the same norms and values. Shows the way to act. - Social control – rewards for conformity and punishment for deviance. Controls behaviour. Inevitability of crime – functionalists see crime as inevitable and universal. Every society has crime. Two reasons why crime and deviance are in all societies: - No everyone is equally socialized into norms and values. Some are likely to be deviant. - Diversity of lifestyle and values. Different groups have their own subcultures with distinctive norms and values. Some may see deviant acts as normal. > Durkheim says in modern societies there is tendency towards anomie. The rules for behaviour become weaker and less clear-cut. This is because modern societies have a complex division of labour meaning individuals become more different from each other. Crime is more likely. Positive functions of crime – it also performs two positive functions Boundary maintenance - produces a reaction from society, uniting members in disapproval of criminals and reinforcing their commitment to shared norms and values. Adaptation and change – all change starts with an act of deviance. There must be scope to challenge existing norms and values and this will seem deviant in the...
Words: 7771 - Pages: 32
...OVERVIEW UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FISCAL YEAR 2014 BUDGET REQUEST APRIL 2013 OFFICE OF THE UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (COMPTROLLER) / CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER Preface The Overview Book has been published as part of the President’s Annual Defense Budget for the past few years. This continues for FY 2014, but with modifications as proposed by congressional staff. From FY 1969 to FY 2005 OSD published the “Annual Defense Report” (ADR) to meet 10 USC Section 113 requirements. Starting with the President’s FY 2006 Budget, this report was no longer produced. Subsequently, the Overview began to fill this role. This year to ensure compliance with Section 113, new chapters are added to include reports from each Military Department on their respective funding, military mission accomplishments, core functions, and force structure. Key initiatives incorporated in the FY 2014 Defense budget. Our budget is formulated based on aligning program priorities and resources based on the President’s strategic guidance. This year’s budget involves key themes to: achieve a deeper program alignment of our future force structure with resource availability; maintain a mission ready force; continue to emphasize efficiencies by being even better stewards of taxpayer dollars; and continue to take care of our people and their families. Implementing Defense Strategic Guidance. The FY 2014 budget request continues the force structure reductions made in the FY 2013 budget request. Following...
Words: 74297 - Pages: 298
...Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 109 (2009) 156–167 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/obhdp Abusive supervision, intentions to quit, and employees’ workplace deviance: A power/dependence analysis Bennett J. Tepper a,*, Jon C. Carr b, Denise M. Breaux c, Sharon Geider d, Changya Hu e, Wei Hua f a Department of Managerial Sciences, J. Mack Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4014, United States Department of Management, Neeley School of Business, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States c Department of Management, College of Business Administration, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States d Department of Sociology, Criminal Justice, & Anthropology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States e Department of Business Administration, National Chengchi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan f Department of Organizational Behavior and Human Resources, Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University, Singapore b a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t We conducted a two-study examination of relationships between abusive supervision and subordinates’ workplace deviance. Consistent with predictions derived from power/dependence theory, the results of a cross-sectional study with employees from three organizations suggest...
Words: 12810 - Pages: 52
...Alleviating malicious insider in Cloud through Offensive Decoy Technology BITS ZG628T: Dissertation By ARUN PRASATH M S (2013HT13268) Dissertation work carried out at L&T Info Tech LTD, Chennai BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE PILANI (RAJASTHAN) November 2015 i Alleviating malicious insider in Cloud through Offensive Decoy Technology BITS ZG628T: Dissertation By ARUN PRASATH M S (2013HT13268) Dissertation work carried out at L&T Info Tech LTD, Chennai Submitted in partial fulfillment of M.Tech. Software Systems degree Programme Under the Supervision of Matthew Jones, Senior Software Engineer, L&T Info Tech, Chennai BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE PILANI (RAJASTHAN) November 2015 ii CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Dissertation entitled Alleviating malicious insider in cloud through offensive decoy technology and submitted by ARUN PRASATH M S having ID-No. 2013HT13268 for the partial fulfillment of the requirements of M.Tech. Software Systems degree of BITS, embodies the bonafide work done by him/her under my supervision. Signature of the Supervisor Place: Chennai Date: 31.10.2015 Matthew Jones, Senior Software Engineer, L&T Info Tech, Chennai iii Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Work-Integrated Learning Programmes Division First Semester 2015-2016 BITS ZG628T: Dissertation ABSTRACT BITS ID No. : 2013HT13268 NAME OF THE STUDENT : ARUN PRASATH MS EMAIL ADDRESS ...
Words: 7788 - Pages: 32
...Strategic Leadership and Decision Making 16 ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE One of the primary responsibilities of strategic leaders is to create and maintain the organizational characteristics that reward and encourage collective effort. Perhaps the most fundamental of these is organizational culture. But what do we really mean by organizational culture? What influence does it have on an organization? How does one go about building, influencing or changing an organization's culture? THE IMPACT OF CULTURE Why is culture so important to an organization? Edgar Schein, an MIT Professor of Management and author of Organizational Culture and Leadership: A Dynamic View, suggests that an organization's culture develops to help it cope with its environment. Today, organizational leaders are confronted with many complex issues during their attempts to generate organizational achievement in VUCA environments. A leader's success will depend, to a great extent, upon understanding organizational culture. Schein contends that many of the problems confronting leaders can be traced to their inability to analyze and evaluate organizational cultures. Many leaders, when trying to implement new strategies or a strategic plan leading to a new vision, will discover that their strategies will fail if they are inconsistent with the organization's culture. A CEO, SES, political appointee, or flag officer who comes into an organization prepared to "shake the place up" and institute sweeping changes...
Words: 5029 - Pages: 21
...3 The Regulatory System in the United Kingdom This chapter examines the regulatory system currently in place in the United Kingdom. It provides an overview of the structure and objectives of regulation, the role of the regulator and the techniques that are employed in regulating firms and individuals who engage in investment business. 3.1 Background: the financial crisis and regulatory reform 3.1.1 Responding to the financial crisis In the UK, as elsewhere, the onset of the financial crisis exposed deficiencies in financial regulation and led to calls for regulatory reform. The Treasury Select Committee1 led the way, with its hearings into the collapse of Northern Rock exposing serious deficiencies in supervision and risk management.2 In October 2008, the Chancellor of the Exchequer asked Lord Turner, the newly appointed chairman of the FSA, to review the causes of the crisis and to make recommendations on the changes in regulation and supervisory approach needed to create a more robust banking system for the future. The Turner Review3, published in March 2009, made a 1 The Treasury Select Committee is a Parliamentary (House of Commons) committee that scrutinises the activity of the regulatory authorities in the UK. 2 See House of Commons Treasury Committee, The Run on the Rock HC 56-1 (Fifth Report of Session 2007-08). 3 FSA, ‘The Turner Review, A regulatory response to the global banking crisis’ (March 2009) at http://www.fsa.gov.uk/Pages/Library/Corporate/turner/index...
Words: 25821 - Pages: 104
...Crime and Deviance AN INTRODUCTION TO CRIME AND DEVIANCE Definitions * Crime- An act which breaks the criminal laws of society. * Deviance- refers to the behaviour which is disapproved of by most people in society and which does not conform to society's norms and values. TOPIC 1: FUNCTIONALIST, STRAIN AND SUBCULTURAL THEORIES Durkheim's functionalist theory: * Socialisation and Social control are two key mechanisms which allow social solidarity to occur in society. The inevitability of crime: * Functionalists see too much crime as destabilising society. * They also see crime as inevitable and universal- Durkheim, 'crime is normal... an integral part of all healthy societies.' * There are two reasons why C&D are found in all societies; 1.Not everyone is equally effectively socialised into the shared norms and values. 2. Different groups develop their own subculture and what the members of the subculture regard as normal, mainstream culture may see as deviant. * Durkheim also discusses that in modern societies there is a tendency towards anomie (normlessness). The diversity of modern societies means that the collective conscience is weakened, and this results in higher levels of C&D. The positive functions of crime: * For Durkheim, crime also fulfils two important functions; boundary maintenance and adaptation. * Boundary Maintenance- In Durkheim's view, the purpose of punishment is to reaffirm society's shared rules and reinforces...
Words: 20916 - Pages: 84
...China’s Strategic Futures Author(s): William A. Callahan Reviewed work(s): Source: Asian Survey, Vol. 52, No. 4 (July/August 2012), pp. 617-642 Published by: University of California Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2012.52.4.617 . Accessed: 05/09/2012 13:59 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . University of California Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Asian Survey. http://www.jstor.org W i l l i a m a . Ca l l a h a n China’s Strategic Futures Debating the Post-American World Order a b S t r aC t This essay examines how China’s “harmonious world†foreign policy has unintentionally created opportunities for citizens to challenge elite discussions of foreign policy. Although they are relative outsiders, the essay argues that citizen intellectuals are a growing influence as a source of ideas about China’s future—and the world’s. K e y W o r d S : China, foreign policy, strategy, public intellectual, civil society Although we did not...
Words: 11161 - Pages: 45
