...QUESTION 1 : WHERE DOES THE FLAG STATE AND PORT STATE JURISDICTION COMPLIMENT & CONTRADICT WITH EACH OTHER. GIVE A FEW EXAMPLE TO STREGTHEN YOUR CASE In an effort to enhance broader security issues, especially good governance, anti-trafficking, anti-corruption and counter-SALW proliferation, Port States take measures to prevent unwanted vessels, including those with armed security teams, from entering and disembarking at their ports. Port State control complements the obligation of Flag States to inspect and control vessels by undertaking investigations or verification of vessels calling at their port to ensure compliance with international obligations or standards. In the event of transgressions, violators can be forced to pay reparations to the Port State, which can arrest or even blacklist their vessels. Flag State maritime security regulations, however, generally only cover issues such as the types of weapon systems that can be brought onboard, how many guards can be embarked, certification requirements and background credentials for embarked PCASP and, in some circumstances, application procedures to gain Flag State approval for taking a security detail onboard. However, these Flag-State restrictions do not address other pertinent issues such as embark and disembark procedures for PCASP, which frequently take place in countries other than the Flag State, Rules for the Use of Force, oversight and reporting protocols, and code of conduct. QUESTION 2 : HOW COULD...
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...1. Về Công ty BP: a/Giới thiệu: BP là một trong những công ty dầu khí quốc tế hàng đầu thế giới.Chúng tôi cung cấp cho khách hàng với nhiên liệu cho giao thông vận tải, năng lượng nhiệt và ánh sáng, chất bôi trơn để giữ động cơ chuyển động, và các sản phẩm hóa dầu được sử dụng để làm vật dụng hàng ngày khác nhau như sơn, quần áo và bao bì b/Làm gì: Chúng tôi mong muốn tạo ra giá trị trong toàn chuỗi giá trị hydrocarbon. Điều này bắt đầu với việc thăm dò và kết thúc với việc cung cấp năng lượng và các sản phẩm khác trọng cho cuộc sống hàng ngày. c/Chiến lược: Mục tiêu của chúng tôi là trở thành một công ty dầu mỏ và khí đốt tập trung mang lại giá trị so với khối lượng. Chúng tôi đang theo đuổi chiến lược của chúng tôi bằng cách thiết lập các ưu tiên rõ ràng, chủ động quản lý danh mục đầu tư chất lượng và sử dụng khả năng đặc biệt của chúng tôi. Kế hoạch 10 điểm Trong năm 2011, chúng tôi đặt ra một kế hoạch 10 điểm được thiết kế để ổn định công ty và phục hồi niềm tin và giá trị để đáp ứng với những tai nạn bi thảm Deepwater Horizon. Ưu tiên của chúng tôi là làm cho BP một, kinh doanh an toàn hơn rủi ro nhận thức rõ hơn. Kế hoạch này bao gồm một loạt các sự kiện quan trọng 2012-2014, bạn có thể theo dõi sự tiến bộ của chúng ta chống lại những cái này trong Báo cáo thường niên và Mẫu 20-F 2013 . 1 | Một không ngừng tập trung vào an toàn và quản lý rủi ro thông qua việc áp dụng hệ thống tiêu chuẩn toàn cầu. | 6 | Quản lý danh...
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...found papers that illustrated how crude oil has affected the exposed area where Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill was located. Impact of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on Bioavailable Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons gave information on The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Which is the largest marine oil spill in United States history. It estimated the amount of oil spilled into the ocean the Federal government accepted estimate of 4.1 million barrels of oil and 7 million was supported by independent researchers. Furthermore, an estimated 2.1 million gallons of dispersants were applied at the ocean surface and the wellhead. This study demonstrated that the Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacted coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico and contributed to temporary increases in the bioavailable concentration of PAHs. Additionally, the data provide measures of potential exposures to PAHs in ecologically sensitive coastal areas, accessed by large human populations, which can be incorporated into ongoing studies in a variety of fields. Oil Impacts on Coastal Wetlands: Implications for the Mississippi River Delta Ecosystem after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill summarized the general knowledge of oil spill impacts on coastal marshes. Relative to the chemistry of oil and its related toxicity; the capacity of microbial processes to degrade oil and reduce toxicity; the responses of wetland vegetation, benthic biota, and marsh-dependent fishery resources to oil; and impacts on ecosystem services on which...
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...Many people believe that fracking is very harmful to the environment and I agree with them. Fracking can contaminate nearby water and this in result will cause the water to be harmful to the individuals that drink it. Many politicians fight against allowing fracking to be done, but with high demand for oil many drilling companies lobby to go against any bans on fracking. To the environment it can be harmful if done wrong, but if done correctly than the benefits can outweigh the harm. Fracking is the process of drilling down into the earth, directed towards rocks, into a high pressure water mixture aiming to release gas out of the rocks, injecting water, chemicals and sand. When fracking your goal is to extract the gas out of the rock using...
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...Gulf Oil Spill Keith Niesen ENV/100 July 22, 2013 Nash Saleh Gulf Oil Spill In 2010 America had a major disasters on its hands the BP oil spill, not only did some people die from this spill, but the oil spill contaminated the Gulf of Mexico. This was a representation of bad technology it also revealed many environmental risks that many people rather ignore. The oil spill also sparked huge outrage as to why this happened and what we must do to prevent another disaster like this. How can we change the way we drill oil and not affect our precious ecosystems and ruin wildlife or are ocean. What is some of the new technology we are using to help with preventing another oil spill from happening? After the oil rig explosion many pollutants were introduced into the air and water. Many of these pollutants were smoke and or hydrocarbon fumes. The water pollutants was the oil and natural gas that was constantly gushing out of the well. The primary pollutants are the smoke and hydrocarbon because they are pollutants that are directly being emitted into the air from a source. There are many concerns with air pollution and scientist have found many chemicals such as alkyl nitrates, methane, hexane and butane compounds the can irritate and burn skin and the eyes and can cause dizziness as well. With all of these samples that have been collected they have not shown levels above government safety regulations (Roosevelt, 2013). Oil pollution we know is dangerous for the environment our ocean...
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...Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill and BP Environmental Clean-Up Deb Schoenwether MGMT 312 Creativity & Innovation December 8, 2010 Submitted By: Joe Panayiotou Angela Merryfield Sonya Meggs Lisa Parker Kristi Mathews Introduction: (Lisa Parker) On April 20, 2010, an explosion occurred on an offshore drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico, killing 28 people. It was later found that the wellhead was damaged and was leaking oil from the British Petroleum (BP) Oil Refinery into the Gulf of Mexico. In a report on the incident issued by BP on September 8, the company admitted that there were weaknesses in the cement design and testing. It is the largest accidental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry. BP is the third largest energy company and the fourth largest company in the world. BP is headquartered in London, United Kingdom. Its largest division is BP America, which is the biggest producer of oil and gas in the United States and is headquartered in Houston, Texas. (Wikipedia, 2010) This significant oil spill poses a serious threat to people, industries, businesses, wildlife and beaches along the coastal areas of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. The spill continues to cause extensive damage to marine and wildlife habitats as well as the Gulf's fishing and tourism industries. BP states that they will recruit a series of teams to clean-up the shorelines and workers will receive safety training before clean-up takes place...
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...Friday, November 13, 2009 Part III Environmental Protection Agency 40 CFR Part 112 Oil Pollution Prevention; Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) Rule—Amendments; Final Rule wreier-aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with RULES3 VerDate Nov2008 14:49 Nov 12, 2009 Jkt 220001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\13NOR3.SGM 13NOR3 58784 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 218 / Friday, November 13, 2009 / Rules and Regulations copy. Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically at http:// www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the EPA Docket, EPA/DC, EPA West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC. The Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number of the Public Reading Room is 202–566–1744, and the telephone number to make an appointment to view the docket is 202–566–0276. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For general information, contact the Superfund, TRI, EPCRA, RMP, and Oil Information Center at 800–424–9346 or TDD at 800–553–7672 (hearing impaired). In the Washington, DC metropolitan area, contact the Superfund, TRI, EPCRA, RMP, and Oil Information Center at 703–412–9810 or TDD 703–412–3323. For more detailed information on specific aspects of this final rule, contact either Vanessa E. Principe at 202–564–7913 (principe.vanessa@epa.gov), or Mark W. Howard at 202–564–1964 (howard.markw@epa.gov), U.S...
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...by challenge. It must be determined how to meet the supply of demand. BP has increased their reserves and the need to diversify. BP experienced a horrific accident in April 2010, which was named the Deep-water Horizons. The company was responsible for an oil spill that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010. This spill will have a lasting economic, personal, and environmental effect on those involved in it. Many workers, individuals, and businesses were impacted along the coast lines. For workers, those who worked on tugs, barges, oil rigs, or fishing/shrimp boats lost wages and time off work because of the oil spill. Individuals, or residents, that lived along the coast line may experience health issues because of the chemicals and toxic fumes that were released as a result of the oil spill. Property owners may have damage to their land if any of the chemicals was washed up and came in contact with the soil. Businesses around the coast line, especially fishing and tourist, suffered due to damage caused by the spill. These businesses suffered a significant lost due to the oil spill. Many will have to lay off workers or lose their businesses all together due to this issue. The Gulf of Mexico oil spill is also known as the Deep-water Horizon. This accident impacted the lives of many people, both local and worldwide. Local communities and businesses suffered a...
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...BP and I will also be explaining what measurements BP carried out due to their ethical concerns. Some of BP’s ethical concerns: 1) The BP Oil Spill released over 200 million gallons of crude oil in which was pumped into the Gulf of Mexico for around 87 days, making it the biggest oil spill in history. 2) The oil spill caused 16,000 total miles of coastline to be affected, including Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida coasts. 3) The gushing oil was stopped in July 2010; but oil is still washing up on shores, which will cause long-term damages to people and animals living in the area. 4) Over 8,000 animals were reported dead as quick as 6 months after the spill. 5) The oil explosion killed in total 11 people and injured 17 others. Environment concerns 200 million gallons of crude oiled flowed into the Gulf of Mexico in which caused an explosion of the deep-water horizon oil rig. Oil and gas manufacture projects can have major implications on air, water and the wildlife. BP states that they try to diminish the environmental impact from the earliest stages of planning to the dismantling stage. Four years after the BP oil spill, environmental impacts of the worst offshore spill in history persevere along the Gulf Coast. A boat ride along where the oil spillage occurred revealed clumps of oil churned up in waves and vegetation corroding along the shore. "The U.S. Coast Guard has declared 'removal actions deemed complete' for all but...
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...On April 20, 2010, a gas release and subsequent explosion occurred on BP’s Deepwater Horizon oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico. The explosion involved a loss of hydrostatic control of the well and failure of the blowout preventer equipment that allowed the release and ignition of hydrocarbon. The explosion claimed 11 lives and 205 million gallons of oil spilled into the surrounding ecosystems which made it the largest accidental oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry. In response to the crisis, BP created its “Gulf of Mexico Restoration” website as a form of crisis management to protect and repair its reputation. BP’s “Gulf of Mexico Restoration” website uses these three strategies to try to repair its reputation: highlighting current financial data and reports to show the accurate compensation contributions BP has given to the Gulf; displaying videos with images that de-emphasize the damage by focusing on restored areas and statistics showing how the Gulf has restored business continuity; and uses powerful headers and sub-headers titled to portray optimistic restoration objectives. To restore its reputation, BP's "Gulf of Mexico Restoration" website provides current financial data and reports that show the donations BP has given to the Gulf to prove its strong commitment to helping the affected areas. Effectively communicating its use of compensation as a reputation repair strategy, BP provides public data reports updated as of September 30, 2013 under the sub-heading...
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...Advertising - 1 Instructor: Charles Ayodele Everest University Online January 5, 2015 * Did BP use a proactive or reactive strategy? Explain why. * Was the strategy effective? Why or why not? Bp oil slick was the biggest catastrophe in American history; happening on April 20, 2010 pumping in excess of 200 million gallons of unrefined petroleum into the Gulf of Mexico. The oil rig blast slaughtered 11 individuals, harming 17. Also, till date the oil keeps on being appearing on shores; making long haul harms to neighborhoods. Also, the Bp Oil Spill was in charge of the demise of in excess of 8,000 creatures, including numerous imperiled species. The quick impact of the Oil spill affected the untamed life which included oil-covered winged animals (Ducks) and ocean turtles. "In-situ smoldering oil" (the blazing of oil in a contained zone on the surface of the water) was utilized as a strategy for the treatment of the oil slick which adversely affected nature. Henceforth, the Bp Oil spill adversely affected numerous parts of the earth and different variables, making it the biggest catastrophe in American history. The Bp Oil Spill emergency happened because of the organization's carelessness bringing attention to the heartbreaking effects it has cause on diverse businesses. The Bp Oil Spill extraordinarily affected the earth showing the organizations to fortify the methodology to readiness and reaction arranging. Arranging and fortifying the methodology to such mishaps permits viable...
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...In this case Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. vs United States, the supreme court made the ruling that Shell Oil Company was not liable under the CERCLA. This case was about an agricultural chemical distribution business that operated on a small plot of land leased by Burlington Northern Railroad company. The chemical company stored and distributed hazard substances on the land, as well as a pesticide sold by Shell. Through the years, these hazard chemicals leeched into the ground contaminating the groundwater. Part of these leaks occurred during the transfer phase from when the tanker trucks would deliver to the chemical company. The chemical company eventually went out of business but the United States and the State of California...
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...Enclosed is my report on British Petroleum and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. This report shows how BP cut corners to expedite construction and save millions of dollars. As a result, the biggest oil spill in United States occurred. Due to the reckless conduct of BP, the corners cut by the people in charge ended up costing them billions of dollars as well as endangering the habitat and wildlife in the area. After reading this report you will realize BP’s CEO Tony Hayward, all the way down to the engineers in charge of everyday operations were to blame for the worse oil tragedy in our history. Sincerely, Executive Summary This is a report on how British Petroleum has failed in many areas of business communications. It’s going to include 3 main points that will explain in detail on how British Petroleum had bad communication and how it ended up creating history’s biggest oil spill in the United States in the Gulf of Mexico. The 3 main points include: 1. Pre-Event Planning a. Anticipate, Prepare, Practice b. “Safety” Not a Core Value c. Responsibility of Employees 2. Expressing Concern and Wrongful Focus a. Slow in Expressing Concern b. Lack of Sympathy to Affected People c. Accountability 3. Company Truthfulness a. Alarm Negligence b. Learn From Mistakes Table of Contents Introduction 5 Figure 1: BP Oil Spill Statistic………………………………………………………………….5 Purpose 5 Procedure 5 Organization...
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...08 Fall 08 Fall MSc OIL AND GAS MANAGEMENT International Environmental Law M28 CLS Ivenia M. Holt Impacts of oil pollution on the environment and wellbeing of a local indigenous community: A case study of the Ogoni people of Nigeria. 1.0 Introduction Ogoni is an ethnic group in the Niger (fig. 1) Delta area of Nigeria. It is a high oil-rich area, populated by approximately 500,000 people (Global nonviolent action database 1995). Ogoni’s who are hardworking people are farmers and fisher men, producing food not only for themselves but for most of the Niger Deltan’s (Ebeh n.d). The region has been plagued with serious environmental degradation resulting from activities of oil and gas exploration and exploitation since Shell petroleum development company discovered oil in Ogoni land in 1958 (Global nonviolent action database 1995). However, contaminated lands in this region were not only through wells and pipelines, but by gas flares which produced intense heat and chemical gas fogs that polluted nearby homes and rendered farmlands barren ( Johansen 2010). Oil exploration and production have been carried out by Shell international at Ogoniland since 1950s, but its operations were stopped in the 1990s due to disputes between Shell and the Ogoni’s (Kadafa 2012). As a result, Ogoniland has been characterized by oilfields and installations that have remained dormant, past spills, lack of maintenance, oil trapping and damages to oil infrastructure for over fifteen...
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...In a major oil spill that occurred in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria in 2008, Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) stated that this was caused by a fault in a pipeline. In the town of Bodo, tens of thousands of oil barrels caused pollution to the land and creek. Shell’s official investigation report claims that 1,640 barrels of oil were spilt in total. Nigerian regulators have confirmed that the spill lasted for 72 days and estimate that between 103,000 and 311,000 barrels were spilt in this time. Besides the under-recording of this incident, Shell has repeatedly claimed to its investors, media and customers that the majority of the spill was caused by sabotage. Amnesty International has now confirmed that more than 50% of the oil spill was a result of operational failures. After more than 3 years since this oil spill, Shell has failed to perform a proper clean-up to the affected area, or to pay any form of official compensation to the affected communities. Thousands of activists in more than 14 countries have undertaken protests against the major oil giant, and the people of Bodo have now taken their claim of a leak of 500,000 barrels to the UK courts. Observing this particular situation involving Shell in Nigeria, an understanding will be established of how leadership could be used to address the situation. This paper is organised as follows: First, I will provide a background and history into the Shell Nigeria operations. Secondly, I will establish an understanding...
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