Section A: Fundamentals of Accounting (60 Marks) 1. Theoretical Framework: (i) Meaning and Scope of Accounting, (ii) Accounting Concepts, Principles and Conventions, (iii) Accounting Standard – concepts, objectives, benefits, (iv) Accounting Policies and (v) Accounting as a measurement discipline – valuation principles, accounting estimates. 2. Accounting Process: Books of Accounts leading to the preparation of Trial Balance, Capital and revenue expenditure, Capital and revenue receipts, Contingent
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reason why their Cash Flows from Operations are higher than Net Income? Is this sustainable? Net Income is derived from accumulation of all the income and expenses which are relevant to the whole entity according to accounting conventions. These figures are bound to follow the concepts of Prudence and Accruals. Which says that expense should be recorded when it can be foresee. Whereas cash flows statement only consists of all the cash movements within the business. Cash flow tends to deduct or add
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and expense. Accounting equation: an expression of the equivalence, in total, of assets = liabilities + equity. Accounting period: that time period, typically one year, to which financial statements are related. Accounting policies: the specific accounting bases selected and followed by a business enterprise (e.g. straight line or reducing balance depreciation). Accounting rate of return: a ratio sometimes used in investment appraisal but based on profits not cash flows. Accounting standards:
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historical accounting is based on the assumption that the value of monetary unit, say rupee, remains constant and accordingly assets are recorded by the business at the price at which they are required and the liabilities are recorded at the amounts at which they are contracted for. But monetary unit is never stable under inflationary condition. This instability has resulted in a number of distortions in the financial statements and is the most serious limitation of historical accounting. 5. Many
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BASIC ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS: THE INCOME STATEMENT Changes from Tenth Edition The chapter has been updated. Additional topics include proforma earnings, EBITDA and SEC financial report certification and affirmation requirements for CEO’s and CFO’s. Approach Undoubtedly, the accrual idea is the most difficult of all basic accounting matters for the student to grasp. As a matter of fact, we sometimes say that the proper recognition of revenue and expense is the only important accounting problem
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UNIT 1 ACCOUNTING AND ITS FUNCTIONS Objectives After studying this unit, you should be able to appreciate the: • • • nature and role of accounting; activities of an accountant; and roles of accounting personnel and the accounting function in an organization. Accounting and its Functions Structure 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 Introduction Scope of Accounting Emerging Role of Accounting Accounting as an Information System Role and Activities of an Accountant Accounting Personnel
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Leader: John Smith SECTION A: basic information ❑ Introduction Welcome to LUBS 5016 Financial Reporting and Regulation. This course is compulsory for MSc Accounting and Finance students. It is taught in the second semester, is worth 15 credits if successfully completed and comprises 10 lectures supported by a series of workshops or tutorials. The course is assessed by means of an examination in May/June 2012
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INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANIES CHOSEN * Hero Motocorp: Hero MotoCorp Ltd. (Formerly Hero Honda Motors Ltd.) is the world's largest manufacturer of two - wheelers, based in India. It got separated from Hero Honda in the year 2010.In 2001, the company achieved the coveted position of being the largest two-wheeler manufacturing company in India and also, the 'World No.1' two-wheeler company in terms of unit volume sales in a calendar year. Hero MotoCorp Ltd. continues to maintain this position
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Unit 1 Introduction to Financial Accounting Learning Outcome After reading this unit, you will be able to: • Explain succinctly financial accounting concepts • Elucidate on different principles of financial accounting • Explicate the importance and scope of financial accounting • Understand Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(GAAP) • Identify limitations of Financial Accounting Time Required to Complete the unit 1. 2. 1st Reading: It will need 3 Hrs for reading a unit 2nd Reading
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Development Of A Conceptual Framework Accounting Essay ‘Developing a conceptual framework is an impossible possibility ‘it is hard to say that this statement is wrong or not. First, there is no accurate or definitive view of what constitutes a conceptual framework, but there is no doubt that conceptual framework helping a development of academic theory, meanwhile, it is also provide a great deal of prescription. Developing a conceptual framework is feasible and promising. In this issue, I explain
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