to external parties [managerial accounting is to use this information internally]. Financial statements are management’s report to owners. 3 profit-seeking entities: Sole proprietorship simple to establish, owner controlled Unlimited liability (no legal separation). All profits and losses belong to owner, report income on tax returns. Business ends if owner dies, can sell it. Easy and inexpensive to operate. No reporting requirements. Partnership simple to establish, shared
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proposed expansion program. Although management has outlined the available financing sources such as cash flows from operations, available cash on hand, and availability of credit facilities, these sources of financing, primarily the cash flows from operations, might be needed to pay the short term liabilities as they come due. Based on the company’s liquidity ratios, current assets are not sufficient in order to pay off current liabilities. Therefore, management needs to explore the additional financing
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proposed expansion program. Although management has outlined the available financing sources such as cash flows from operations, available cash on hand, and availability of credit facilities, these sources of financing, primarily the cash flows from operations, might be needed to pay the short term liabilities as they come due. Based on the company’s liquidity ratios, current assets are not sufficient in order to pay off current liabilities. Therefore, management needs to explore the additional financing
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* Lending – lend money to company in the form of bonds, loan conditions such as interest rates, security, other conditions Contracting – legally binding obligation that gives party the right to demand the performance of whatever promised * management (agency problem) – information asymmetry, act in self interest * debt Stewardship – compliance with delegated authority Agency Cost of equity Perquisite consumption – Manager give themselves more luxury than would seem reasonably from the
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assumption. In some circumstances, assets and liabilities may be shown at their historical cost, as if there had been no change in value since the date of acquisition. The balance sheet value of the item may therefore differ from the "true" value. While historical cost is criticised for its inaccuracy (deviation from "true" value), it remains in use in most accounting systems. Various corrections to historical cost are used, many of which require the use of management judgment and may be difficult to
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Functions and powers of the FRC (s. 225 of ASIC Act )---Provide broad oversight of the process for setting accounting standards//Appoint members of the AASB//Approve and monitor the AASB’s priorities, business plan, budget and staffing//Give the AASB directions, advice or feedback on matters of general policy//No power to direct AASB regarding development of particular standards//No power to veto a standard//Powers expanded in 2003 to include overseeing the activities of AUASB (ASIC) is responsible
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Working Capital Management WORKING CAPITAL - Meaning of Working Capital Capital required for a business can be classified under two main categories via, 1) Fixed Capital 2) Working Capital Every business needs funds for two purposes for its establishment and to carry out its day- to-day operations. Long terms funds are required to create production facilities through purchase of fixed assets such as p&m, land, building, furniture, etc. Investments in these assets represent that
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CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION 1. INDUSTRY PROFILE Technology generation in the Indian tyre industry has witnessed a fair amount of expertise and versatility to absorb, adapt and modify international technology to suit Indian conditions. This is reflected in the swift technology progression from cotton (reinforcement) carcass to high-performance radial tyres in a span of four decades. Globalization has led to the linking of the economies of all the nations and therefore major Indian players in the
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MANAGEMENT OF WORKING CAPITAL 1. Meaning and Types of Finance: Finance - Finance is the Art & Science of Managing Money - Finance is the Art of passing currency from hand to hand until it finally disappears Types & Sources of Finance ____________________________________________________________ ________ Long Term Sources of Finance - Finance required to meet Capital Expenditure - Also, known as Fixed Capital Finance Short Term Sources of Finance - Finance required to meet day-to-day
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Current assets and current liabilities include three accounts which are of special importance. These accounts represent the areas of the business where managers have the most direct impact: accounts receivable (current asset) inventory (current assets), and accounts payable (current liability) The current portion of debt (payable within 12 months) is critical, because it represents a short-term claim to current assets and is often secured by long term assets. Common types of short-term
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