auditors to be not only independent of mind also independent in appearance. With this being said, independence means that auditors have to make an objective assessment of his or her objectivity and to support user reliance on the financial reporting process and to enhance capital market efficiency. However, it is not that simple to be ethical in public accounting profession. According to AICPA Code of Professional Conduct, there are mainly five potential threats to auditor independence:
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Internal auditing Case study QUESTION 1 SWOT analysis (alternatively SWOT matrix) is a structured planning method used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats involved in a project or in a business venture. Strengths There no strengths of this university | Weakness * One of the weaknesses of university was the inadequate segregation duty. Mr. Lockwood had a wide span of control and was unable breach certain policies .for example purchasing and university policies
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| Internal Auditing in Not-For-Profit Organizations | TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT: 2 INTRODUCTION 2 SECTION I: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 3 1. Corporate Governance Reforms Relevant to NPOs 3 2. Audit Committees of NPOs 4 SECTION II: RISK MANAGEMENT 6 1. Absence of Risk Management in NPO 6 2. Reasons for Risk Management in NPO 7 3. Process of Risk Management in NPO 9 SECTION III: INTERNAL CONTROLS 10 1. An illustrative example 10 2. Good Internal Controls 11 3. Strengthening Internal
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environment. On the other hand, audit risk is mainly related to the auditors. We have to know that risk is always there in doing anything. There is a risk that the auditors missed out the misstatement or fail to detect frauds when performing their auditing job, hence issuing an unqualified report which doesn’t reflect the fair view on the company’s financial condition. Audit risk might lead to business failure but the auditors should not be blamed for the business failure unless he or she is proven
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Auditing Cases instructor resource Manual f our th e d itio n Mark S. Beasley Frank A. Buckless Steven M. Glover Douglas F. Prawitt do not coPy or redistribute Prentice hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey ta b l e s e ct ion o f co n t e n t s 1 2 client acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S o l u tionS inc lu de d in t h iS Section 1.1 Ocean Manufacturing, Inc. 3 The New Client Acceptance Decision s e ct ion Understanding
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Independence in mental attitude concerns the auditor's state of mind. It deals with inappropriate biases when auditing a firm. Whereas, independence in appearance, is avoiding circumstances that make well informed third parties believe that the auditor is not truly independent. Furthermore, independence in appearance additionally lowers the prospect for an auditor
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Financial Management Part I: Cost Accounting (50 marks) Part II: Financial Management (50 marks) Paper 4: Taxation Part I: Income-tax (50 marks) Part II: Service Tax (25 marks) and VAT (25 marks) Group II Paper 5: Advanced Accounting (100 marks) Paper 6: Auditing and Assurance (100 marks) Paper 7: Information Technology and Strategic Management Section A: Information Technology (50 marks) Section B: Strategic Management (50 marks) The level of knowledge expected of students in the above subjects is ‘working
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internal control Qver Financial Reporting CASES INCLUDED iN THIS SECTiON 1. Simply Steam, Co. 155 Evaluation of Internal Control Environment 2. Easy Clean, Co. 155 Evaluation of Internal Control Environment 3. Red Bluff Inn & Café 165 Establishing Effective Internal Control in a Small Business 4. St. James Clothiers 169 Evaluation of Manual and IT-Based Sales Accounting System Risks 5. Collins Harp Enterprises 177 Recommending IT Systems Development
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Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 Topics Covered: How SOX affects the following: CEO’s and CFO’s of Public Companies Outside Independent Audit Firms SOX section 404 on Internal Control The Main Advantages and Disadvantages of SOX Executive Summary The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was intended to create more transparency in financial reporting and to combat the perceived inflation of CEO compensation. To do this, the act required that a board of directors be financially independent
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Journal of Information Systems Vol. 16, No. 2 Fall 2002 pp. 209–222 Impact of Information Technology on Public Accounting Firm Productivity Rajiv D. Banker Hsihui Chang The University of Texas at Dallas Yi-ching Kao University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee ABSTRACT: In recent years, information technology (IT) has played a critical role in the services provided by the public accounting industry. However, no empirical research has evaluated the impact of IT on public accounting firms. This study focuses
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