The Life Cycle Of A Bacteriophage When we hear the terms virus or bacteria we immediately get scared and start thinking horrible things and want antibiotics to take to feel better or at least think we are doing something good for our bodies. Often we fail to see viruses as agents that can help destroy bacteria and possibly save us. Bacteriophages have been proven to be antibacterial agents and have been used to treat bacterial infections for many years. Bacteriophage is a virus and this virus
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A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria. Life is the property or the quality that distinguishes living organisms from dead organisms and inanimate matter and possessing the following properties ·Metabolism - all life forms on earth have metabolism. ·Organic matter - all life forms on earth are made of organic molecules. This is probably
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BACTERIA Morphology Unicellular Prokaryotic Extracellular Appendages flagella, fimbriae, pili Peptidoglycan alternating NAG and NAM protein reinforced by peptide crosslinks Plasmid extra circular DNA used for transferring resistance and toxicity Physiology Nutrition photoautotroph and chemoautotroph Metabolism- aerobic and anaerobic Reproduction - Binary Fission rapid transverse cell division resulting to two equally sized daughter cells Habitat Ubiquitous Soil Water Air
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stay diligent in combating food-borne illnesses. There are countless ways that our food can become contaminated between the time it is produced and prepared. Some food-borne bacteria live in the intestines of healthy animals, and only become a threat and during the slaughtering process. During food preparation, germs and viruses can be transferred from one food to another by using the same knife, cutting block without washing the surface or knife in between uses, this is common in butcher shops, restaurants
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Origin of Earth * 3.8 billion years ago—evidence of microbial cells Agriculture * Bacteria in plant (soybean plant) fixes nitrogen to usable nitrogen for environment * Cows have microbes in digestive tract to digest grass into sugar Energy—biofuels (methane, ethanol—from sugar cane) produced from microbial Disease—Cause & Treatment * More death-causing bacteria in 1900’s than today (in US!) Food—Microbes make food—bread, beer, cheese, 1665—Hooke; first
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The normal body flora on the surfaces of the body, reduce the area available for pathogens to attach to, as well as acting as a competitor for suitable nutrients. The body also produces several antimicrobial substances that kill or break down bacteria. A specific example of a physical barrier is when the blood produces a clot to seal the wound to prevent microbes from entering when the skin has been cut. The second line of defence is also non-specific and involves the process of phagocytosis
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procaryotes and bacteria. The first edition of the guide was based on specific characteristics of gram staining and metabolic reactions, which was a method called phenotypic. However with the new second edition, classifications and identification goes more in depth. It’s based on genetic information, specifies the relationship and phylogenetic history of the bacteria. Bergey’s Manual 2nd edition is broken down into five volumes: Vol. 1 separates Domain Archaea and Domain Bacteria into their own
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Lab Safety against Pathogenic Bacteria Considering that there are still a lot of unknown bacteria, it is really important that in lab when handling bacteria extreme precaution is taken towards handling them and to treat them as pathogenic. Today it is an acknowledged fact that anyone in the laboratory whether they are researchers, scientist, or students must follow all guidelines and safety rules for their safety. Every laboratory has its own lab safety equipment and guidelines such as dress code
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Contaminated water contains biological microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Silver nanoparticles are used conventionally as an antimicrobial compound to exhibit multi-interactional activity to fight bacteria. Inevitably, low concentration of silver compounds will remain in the environment. For example values of accumulated silver nanoparticles for surface water, American soil, sludge, , Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) effluent, STP sludge, and sediment were reported 0.088 µg/L/year, 6
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things like these that are not considered to be alive can “evolve”? Viruses reproduce via bacterial gene transfer. Prions are proteins so they replicate with the rest of the genome. Viroids are small RNA plant pathogens that do not code any protein products, therefore replicate by stealing what is needed from the host. However, it may be important to keep in mind that there is a great deal of discussion about whether viruses should be defined as live or not. They contain some of the structures
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