viewed as substitutes for complex contracts in interorganizational exchanges. Many argue that formal contracts actually undermine trust and thereby encourage the opportunistic behavior they are designed to discourage. In this paper, we develop and test an alternative perspective: that formal contracts and relational governance function as complements. Using data from a sample of information service exchanges, we find empirical support for this proposition of complementarity. Managers appear to couple
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The following report contains a critical analysis of the capital structure strategy employed by Leighton Holdings Ltd during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and also an assessment of optimal capital structure Leighton should use to fund future investments. Examination of the changes of the capital structure of the company over pre-GFC and post-GFC period (2004-2010) reveals a range of considerations were deliberated in the financing decision; these include not only the capital
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Brooke Baker A.P US History Court Cases I. Marbury v. Madison a) Issue: i) Judicial v. Executive and Congressional Power ii) Judicial review/separation of powers b) Background: i) 1803 ii) In his last few hours in office, President John Adams made a series of “midnight appointments” to fill as many government posts as possible with Federalists. One of these appointments was William Marbury as a federal justice of the peace. However
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MP A R Munich Personal RePEc Archive The Pecking Order, Trade-off, Signaling, and Market-Timing Theories of Capital Structure: a Review Anton Miglo University of Bridgeport 2010 Online at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46691/ MPRA Paper No. 46691, posted 6. May 2013 19:07 UTC The Pecking Order, Trade-off, Signaling, and Market-Timing Theories of Capital Structure: a Review Anton Miglo Associate professor, University of Bridgeport, School of Business, Bridgeport, CT 06604, phone
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financial services) have benefited from the pervasive advantage that marketing can offer. Today, persons, ideas and in fact, doctrines are daily sold to us. Financial services (and intangible product) is one of the important services provided by banks in the economic sub-sector in Nigeria and whose employment of marketing service is becoming more noticeable and acknowledge. The financial services is becoming more noticeable and acknowledge. The financial services sector has in recent years been
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englishbanana.com’s Talk a Lot Spoken English Course by Matt Purland A Great New Way to Learn Spoken English Elementary Book 1 Complete 12-week spoken English course All materials, instructions and answers are included Brand new and unique learning method Learn and recall questions, answers and negatives using 8 common verb forms • Learn 400+ essential vocabulary words • 100% photocopiable • • • • englishbanana.com’s Talk a Lot Spoken English Course Elementary Book 1 This
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interest with outside investors. We argue that if equity is overvalued, however, mispricing offsets agency costs and can induce a controlling shareholder to list equity. Higher valuations may support listings associated with greater agency costs. We test the predictions that follow from this idea on a sample of publicly listed subsidiaries in Japan. Subsidiaries in which the parent sells a larger stake and subsidiaries with greater scope for expropriation by the parent firm are more overpriced at listing
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European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences ISSN 1450-2275 Issue 11 (2008) © EuroJournals, Inc. 2008 http://www.eurojournalsn.com The Usefulness of Corporate Governance and Financial Ratios to Credit and Financial Analysts: Evidence from Bahrain Jasim Al-Ajmi Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business Administration University of Bahrain, Bahrain Tel: +973-39444284; Fax: +973-17449776 E-mail: jasimalajmi@gmail.com Abstract Financial ratios provide useful
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enrolled and attendance rates are consistently high. However, these investments in human capital have not translated into productive employment, which is reflected in people’s perceptions of their own poverty status which is subjective. According to World Bank (2010), health, nutrition, education, physical security, voice, justice, and capacity and opportunity to improve one‘s life are also essential dimensions of
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TEST-TAKING STRATEGIES IN THE KPG READING TEST: INSTRUMENT CONSTRUCTION & INVESTIGATION RESULTS Maria Stathopoulou and Doriana Nikaki National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Abstract: This paper reports on results of one aspect of a larger research project carried out at the Research Centre in English Language Teaching, Testing and Assessment (RCEL), University of Athens. The overall aim of the project is to investigate the test-taking strategies used by Greek users of English when performing
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