AS Biology Unit 1 page 1 AQA AS Biology Unit 1 Contents Specification Biological Molecules Chemical bonds Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Biochemical Tests Enzymes Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cells Cell Fractionation Microscopy The Cell Membrane Movement across Cell Membranes Exchange The Gas Exchange System Lung Diseases The Heart Coronary Heart Disease The Digestive System Cholera Lifestyle and Disease Defence against Disease Immunisation Monoclonal Antibodies 1 – Mathematical Requirements
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Lab Background: Enzymes are proteins that catalyze or control metabolic reaction. Enzymes work by lowering the amount of activation energy needed so the reaction will happen more quickly. The molecules that an enzyme acts upon are called substrates, the substrate solutions used in this lab were milk and water. In this lab, the enzymes are specific for particular substrates. The enzyme (junket tablet) converts these substrates into different molecules by curdling. If the enzyme concentration required
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WGU GRT1 208.5.4- 01-07 Enzymes are proteins that are catalysts for biological processes. The enzymes can slow down or speed up a biological reaction. Enzymes have an active site, which have different shapes for different functions it is to perform. A reaction will begin when a substrate with the matching shape connects to the enzyme. It is critical that these pieces correctly fit together in order for the process to run smoothly and complete its job. Enzymes help break up large molecules faster
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PRACTICAL REPORT NAME | Dylan Yong Chun Yen | PARTNER’S NAME | Ng Cheau Wen | PRATICAL GROUP | PG 15 | DATE OF PRATICAL SESSION | 18th June 2014 | PROGRAMME | Foundation in Science ( P stream ) | UNIT CODE | FHSB 1214 | UNIT DESCRIPTION | Biology I | YEAR &TRIMESTER OF STUDY | 2014 Trimester 1 | TITLE OF LAB REPORT | Practical 3: Investigation of Action of Saliva and 3M Hydrochloric Acid in Two Carbohydrate Solutions | LECTURER’S NAME | Ms. Bong Siew
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At any given moment, all of the work being done inside any cell is being done by enzymes. If you understand enzymes, you understand cells. A bacterium like E. coli has about 1,000 different types of enzymes floating around in the cytoplasm at any given time. Enzymes have extremely interesting properties that make them little chemical-reaction machines. The purpose of an enzyme in a cell is to allow the cell to carry out chemical reactions very quickly. These reactions allow the cell to build things
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HOW ENZYMES FUNCTION SHANITA HAMLIN BIOL1402L-165 DR. MERCEDES MONDECAR 09/27/2012 INTRODUCTION: Enzymes are proteins produced by living cells, which regulate chemical reactions in the body. Enzyme activity can be affected by The experiments conducted were done to show that under optimum conditions; such as the ideal temperature, the right pH, and a higher enzyme or substrate concentration, the activity of the catalase enzyme would increase. HYPOTHESIS: Exercise 5
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Biochemistry Empirical procedure for purifying Enzyme X: 1. To begin the purification process, mix blue green algae with an appropriate quantity of a buffer and triturate through use of a mechanical crushing process. Centrifuge at 4 degrees C for 10 min at 5,000 rpm. Next, determine whether the supernatant and the precipitate has the highest specific activity of the desired enzyme. The specific activity is the ratio of biochemical activity to the weight or volume of total protein
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Experiment 5 Enzyme Kinetics: The Effect of Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Coenzyme on the Rate of Oxidation of Ethanol. Results Raw data: Effect of Enzyme Concentration | Reagent | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Buffer B | 2.5 ml | 2.4 ml | 2.3 ml | 2.2 ml | NAD+ | 200 μl | 200 μl | 200 μl | 200 μl | Dilute ADH | 200 μl | 300 μl | 400 μl | 500 μl | 6 M Ethanol | 100 μl | 100 μl | 100 μl | 100 μl | Time 0 sec. | 0.022 | 0.026 | 0.069 | 0.073 | Time 5 sec. | 0.028 | 0.038 | 0.110 | 0.114
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filtrates of a white rot fungus, Lachnocladium sp. This enzyme was purified by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Laccase activity was determined using ABTS (2, 2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid) substrate. The culture filtrate had maximum laccase activity of 1.62 U/ml after 14 days of incubation. The purified laccase had an optimum temperature of 50 oC and its optimum pH was 6 for ABTS. The activity of this enzyme was enhanced by Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+and Ca2+, and was inhibited
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A Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Organic Solvent Mixture Enhance Enzyme Stability in Organic Media Pepito A. Comeque Clinical Biochemistry / CLS 301 16 JAN 2014 Dr. Jared Thomas Rutledge A Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Organic Solvent Mixture Enhance Enzyme Stability in Organic Media The enzymatic catalysis in organic solvents present many potential reaction that are impossible in aqueous solution, including chiral synthesis and resolution, the alteration of fats and oils and the creation
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