The Raw Materials of Biotechnology The Molecules of Cells Entire organism System Tissue Cells Organelle Molecules Atoms Molecular/atoms lowest level of organization Organic chemistry Chemistry of Carbon CHNOPS ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur Several Trace Minerals Forms a bond with 4 other atoms in which electrons are shared forming a covalent compound C H C H H H CH4 \ H C H H OH
Words: 2689 - Pages: 11
Chapter 4: Protein Function Chapter 7, Voet, Voet & Pratt * Link between protein structure and physiological function * Focus on myoglobin and hemoglobin * Both proteins reversibly bind to O2 * Extremely well-studied examples of structure/function relationships * Behavior is a model for many other proteins, especially metabolic enzymes Learning Objectives * Compare myoglobin and hemoglobin * Structures * Properties * O2 binding characteristics
Words: 934 - Pages: 4
Introductory instructions: You may perform this experiment in groups of 2-3. Important notice: Any heating that has to be done in the following tests should be carried out in a water bath at 95oC. Direct heating of test-tubes should not be taking place. Apparatus & Equipments: Test tubes Test tube rack Boling tubes Wooden holder Water bath, 95oC Spatula Materials: Iodine 0.1 M hydrochloric acid Sudan III Starch solution Corn oil Egg albumin 1% copper sulphate solution 1% sucrose
Words: 675 - Pages: 3
group including neutral fats, waxes, phospholipids, and glycolipids. The fatty acids with no carbon-carbon double bonds are called saturated. The ones that have two or more double bonds are called polyunsaturated. Proteins Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules. They are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein. Eight amino
Words: 371 - Pages: 2
Section 1: Biomolecules & chemical bonding Reading: Chapter 2, concepts 2.1 – 2.4 Chapter 3, concepts 3.1 and 3.2 Watch and Learn: ➢ Biological molecules ➢ http://youtu.be/QWf2jcznLsY Basic Learning objectives After completing the readings and practice exercises, students should be able to: • Define the biologically relevant interactions (bonds) between molecules • List functional groups commonly found in biological molecules. • List the different kinds
Words: 346 - Pages: 2
Experiment 7: Lipid Extraction I. Abstract Lipids are biomolecules that are used primarily for structural components of the cell, signaling molecules and energy storage purposes. Lipids are naturally occurring esters of long chain fatty acids with both hydrophobic chains, which is insoluble to polar organic solvents and hydrophilic chains which is soluble to polar organic solvents. Because of this conformation, they can assume a wide range of complex structures including fused rings. Lipids can
Words: 2782 - Pages: 12
Osaka University 100 Papers : 24 Selected Graphics ASURA Protects Sister-Chromatid Cohesion in Mitosis MATSUNAGA Sachihiro and FUKUI Kiichi (Graduate School of Engineering) Current Biology, 17, 1356-1361 (2007) sNo. 95 in “100 Papers Selection” (p. 67) C ohesion between sister chromatids is essential for proper chromosome segregation in mitosis. In vertebrate mitotic cells, most cohesin is removed from the chromosome arms, but centromeric cohesin is protected by shugoshin until the onset
Words: 594 - Pages: 3
into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules, characteristically containing reduced carbon in the form of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Starting with carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), photosynthesis converts the energy of sunlight into chemical energy in the form of simple sugars (e.g., glucose), with the release of molecular oxygen. These sugars are then used as the building blocks for plant growth, including the production of other biomolecules.[10] When an animal eats plants (or eats other
Words: 758 - Pages: 4
Indoor air pollution exists in various forms, some of the common pollutants ranging from carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide produced by the gas stoves in households, particulate matter to environmental tobacco smokes (ETS) and many more. For the past few years, there is scientific evidence that prove that the air inside our home or building is more polluted than outdoor air. In addition, the long-time exposure to these indoor pollution has increased the risk in health problems in human for example eye
Words: 1138 - Pages: 5
Unit 21: Nutrition for health and social care P2: Describe the characteristics of nutrients and the benefits to the body. In this assignment I will be describing the characteristics of nutrients and the benefits to the body. Unit 21: Nutrition for health and social care P2: Describe the characteristics of nutrients and the benefits to the body. In this assignment I will be describing the characteristics of nutrients and the benefits to the body. Monosacharides Monosacharides are simple forms
Words: 1525 - Pages: 7
