Capital Structure Decisions: The Basics Capital structure theory Overview of capital structure effects Business versus financial risk The effect of debt on returns Basic Definitions • • • • • V = value of business FCF = free cash flow WACC = weighted average cost of capital rs and rd are costs of stock and debt re and wd are percentages of the business that are financed with stock and debt. • VU = value of unleveraged business • VL = value of leveraged business Capital Structure Theory
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CHAPTER 14 CAPITAL STRUCTURE: BASIC CONCEPTS Answers to Concept Questions 1. Assumptions of the Modigliani-Miller theory in a world without taxes: 1) Individuals can borrow at the same interest rate at which the firm borrows. Since investors can purchase securities on margin, an individual’s effective interest rate is probably no higher than that for a firm. Therefore, this assumption is reasonable when applying MM’s theory to the real world. If a firm were able to borrow at a rate lower
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Case Study: PizzaPalace’s Capital Structure Made by A. C a. Provide a brief overview of capital structure effects. Be sure to identify the ways in which capital structure can affect the weighted average cost of capital and free cash flows. The capital structure decision change the value of the firm either through the the free cash flow or the cost of capital. V = ∑ ∞ t=1 FCFt (1 + WACC)t With FCF= NOPAT-change in ( NOWC+NFA) WACC= wd
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the firm [chap. 1 & lecture] 2. valuation concepts and processes [chap. 3, 5, 8, 9, 29] 3. capital budgeting estimation and decision methods [chap.6, 7] 4. debt, equity and lease financing issues [chap. 14, 20, 21] 5. risk defined and measured in a CAPM setting [chap. 10, 11] 6. variations in the calculation of cost of capital [chap. 13, 18] 7. capital structure and dividend policy decisions [chap. 15, 16, 17, 19] Suggested Other Courses: FIN 644 concerns
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13/3/2013 Nike, Inc. Cost of Capital 1 Discussion Questions • What is the WACC and why is it important to estimate a firm’s cost of capital? What does it represent? Is the WACC set by investors or by managers? • Do you agree with Joanna Cohen’s WACC calculation? Why or why not? If you do not agree with Cohen’s analysis, calculate your own WACC for Nike and be prepared to justify your assumptions. What mistakes did Joanna Cohen make in her analysis? Which method is best for calculating
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firms used some debt. When you suggested this to your new boss, he encouraged you to pursue the idea. As a first step, assume that you obtained from the firm’s investment banker the following estimated costs of debt for the firm at different capital structures: ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- % Financed With Debt rd ------------------------------------------------- 0% --- -------------------------------------------------
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Case Study 15-10 a. As a general rule, the impact of capital structure on value depends upon the effect of debt on weighted Average cost of capital (WACC) and Free Cash Flow (FCF). Debt owners have priority on cash flows over stockholder as their fixed claim amplifies risk of stockholder residual claim (Capital Structure Decisions 2010). As such cost of stock (rs) increases. A company can subtract interest expenses which reduce the amount of taxes paid and in turn allows greater cash flow for
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Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT) --A Review of Capital Structure and Internal/External Analysis Introduction Bill Gates and Paul Allen had founded Microsoft in 1975 to develop and sell computer languages and microcomputers in Redmond, Washington State. The company had pioneered in operating system business and had been able to invent new technology and acquiring subsidiaries in order to produce a large range of personal computer solutions. Microsoft is currently reporting a rate of return
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average cost of capital 4 2.1.1 Cost of equity 4 2.1.2 Cost of debt 4 2.1.3 Capital structure analysis 5 2.1.4 Effective tax rate analysis 5 2.2Estimation of FCFF 6 2.2.1 Growth rate expectation 6 2.2.2 FCFF and present value 6 3. Woolworths Limited DCF valuation within FCFF approach 7 3.1 Weighted average cost of capital 7 3.1.1 Cost of equity 7 3.1.2 Cost of debt 8 3.1.3 Capital structure analysis 8
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used as a measure for risks and how to explain an idea of efficient portfolios, and explaining the capital asset pricing model. I can also calculate asset risk and evaluate the long term financial techniques that we use in finance and analyze the personal brand's career effectiveness. xplain other methods of project evaluation along with their shortfalls. Then I can explain how to make capital budgeting decisions with the limited resources that some companies have. I think by understand how
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