Localization Strategies of Transnational Retailers in China A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS By Wang Yue (王玥) Supervised by Prof. Yang Zuxian (杨祖宪) Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China June, 2006 Contents Acknowledgements----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i Abstract & Key Words--------------------------
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1) What is going on at Carrefour SA? Carrefour S.A. is a retail corporation located in France. Carrefour is Europe’s largest retailer, with 5,200 stores. Over the last four years they have been growing with several large acquisitions, mostly outside of France, which is requiring them to take on debt. In the past, Carrefour management had generally financed company growth through securities denominated in the currency of business operations. But have recently been suggested to consider borrowing
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Economic report Economic data Economic environment | Inflation rate | Consumer Price Index (CPI) | GDP growth rate | Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | Interest rate | Unemployment rate | UK | 2.1% | 126.97 | 0.8% | 2.435 trillion USD | 0.5% | 7.6% | France | 0.7% | 127.46 | -0.1% | 2.613 trillion USD | 0.25% | 10.5% | Inflation Inflation is the overall rise in prices in the economy. For example, a 5 per cent inflation rate over the past 12 months means that the average increase in prices across
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firm do to manage the exchange‐rate risk of foreign‐currency borrowing? How can Carrefour use Carrefour S.A. is a retail corporation located in france. The risk that as business’s operation or an invesment’s value will be affected by change in exchange rate. Carrefour is exposed to exchange rate risk because of foreign currency exposure from imported goods. This risk was being hedge by forward contract. Carrefour has a large exposure risk to the euro because of their hedging policy.
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dominant retailers were once the store of choice for a variety of products, chains like Wal-Mart, Carrefour, METRO Group, Tesco and Target have taken over in most categories ranging from toys to jewelry. As the world’s leading retailer, Wal-Mart has a formidable history of providing greater value to consumers than its competitors, in part due to its innovative supply chain management. French-based Carrefour, the world’s second largest retailer, operates five different formats in 30 countries (but
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1 De distributie in de overnachtingssector 1.1 Verklaring van verschillende begrippen Hieronder vindt u een woordenlijst waarin specifieke vaktermen duidelijk en gestructureerd worden uitgelegd: * Distributiekanaal: een medium dat gebruikt wordt om een product of dienst beschikbaar te stellen voor de consument. * Corporate rate: prijzen (rates) voor een hotelkamer die enkel voor bedrijven van toepassing zijn, er kan onderscheid gemaakt worden tussen drie soorten corporate rates. Standard
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preferences of Korean consumers. Carrefour chose to venture into the Korean market on its own, without a local partner, due to which it failed to understand the market and was unable to select good locations for its stores. The company employed most of its top management personnel from France, which was not viewed favorably by local employees, so too often Carrefour faced problems from local labor unions. After a decade of unsustainable operations and cut-throat competition, Carrefour finally announced the
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Michael Porter in 1990. This essay tries to determine its advantages and disadvantages as a tool for the examination of firm‟s home and host location decisions by focusing on two major MNEs: the world‟s second-largest high-street retailer –French Carrefour and UK‟s famous Marks & Spencer Porter s Diamond Model(1990: 73) argues that “nation‟s competitiveness depends on the capacity of its industry to innovate and upgrade” and therefore is determined by a nation‟s level of productivity. From an organisational
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of the Halley family and the chairman of one of the top French retailers, Promodes, Paul-Louis Halley witnesses the $16.6 billion takeover of his family’s firm by its long time competitor Carrefour, on January 25th, 2000. This merger, prompted by growing threats from foreign retailers, will establish Carrefour as the top European retailer. Although these two firms have a long history of rivalry and competition, this move would be the obvious choice. Despite having put aside their differences,
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