* 当你与别人讨论，尝试获得答案或解释时，你可能会遇到一些人犯上逻辑谬误。这样的讨论是无意义的。你可能尝试向对手要求证据或提供其他假设，令你获得更好或更简单的解释。如果都失败，可以尝试指出你讨论对手的问题。你可辨认他的逻辑问题以免深究，以及可告知讨论对手关於他的谬误。以下是简单介绍其中最常见的谬误： 人身攻击（ad hominem） o 拉丁语「向着人」的意思。辩者用人身攻击来攻击对手，而不是在讨论议题。当辩者不能用证据、事实或理由去维护他的立场，他可能透过标签、稻草人、骂人、挑衅及愤怒的人身攻击方式来攻击对手。 诉诸无知（appeal to ignorance / argumentum ex silentio） o 以诉诸无知作为某些证据。（例如：我们没有证据说神不存在，所以祂一定存在。又例如：由於我们没有关於外星人的知识，这表示他们并不存在。）对某些东西的无知，是与它的存在与否无关。 全知论据（argument from omniscience） o （例如：所有人都相信某些东西，每个人都知道的。） 辩者需要有全知能力以清楚每个人的信仰、怀疑或他们的知识。小心如「所有」、「每个人」、「每种东西」、「绝对」等词语。
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WRITING AN EFFECTIVE RESEARCH PROPOSAL The purpose of this handout is not to teach you how to design a research project. Rather it is to help you translate your research plans into an effective research proposal. A well-written proposal will ease the process of obtaining institutional and ethical approval and will increase your chances of obtaining funding for your project. The writing of this booklet was guided by our experience writing proposals but also on our experiences as reviewers on institutional
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Review The Controversy about a Possible Relationship between Mobile Phone Use and Cancer Michael Kundi Institute of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria oBjective: During the last decade, mobile phone use increased to almost 100% prevalence in many countries of the world. Evidence for potential health hazards accumulated in parallel by epidemiologic investigations has raised controversies about the appropriate interpretation and the degree of bias and confounding
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School Context, Student Attitudes and Behavior, and Academic Achievement: An Exploratory Analysis Theresa M. Akey, Ph.D. January 2006 This paper was funded by the William T. Grant Foundation and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Principal funding for First Things First comes from the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Additional support to supplement the core project comes from the Ford Foundation, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the William
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Running header: THE BROADWAY CAFE Lloyd Wayne Murphy Reengineering: The Broadway Café Strayer University Professor Eve Yeates WINTER CIS 500 March 10, 2012 Abstract A customary coffee lovers rendezvous in the heart of academia stands The Broadway Café arose established in 1952, by my grandfather neighboring the open campus of the University of Texas (UT), Austin, Texas, and my grandfather in his last will and testament rendered the ownership of café as a bequest to me upon
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Money and Banks: Some Theory and Empirical Evidence for Germany Oliver Holtem¨ ller∗ o November 2002 Abstract This paper contributes to the analysis of the money supply process in Germany during the period of monetary targeting by the Bundesbank from 1975-1998. While the standard money multiplier approach assumes that the money stock is determined by the money multiplier and the monetary base it is argued here that both the money stock and the monetary base are determined endogenously by the
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Warning You do not have permissions to perform this activity Courses Download Save Link Courses View Syllabus English Composition II Details | This course explores various types of research writing, with a focus on constructing essays, arguments, and research reports based on primary and secondary sources. A writing-intensive course. Prerequisite: ENG-105 | Credit Hours | 4.0 | Pre-requisites | ENG-105 | Co-requisites | None | Course Add-Ons | Textbook1. Finding Purpose Through
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Universe From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Universe (disambiguation). Part of a series on Physical cosmology • • • • Early universe[show] Expanding universe[show] Structure formation[show] Future of universe[show] Components[show] History[show] Experiments[show] Scientists[show] Social impact[show] Universe Big Bang Age of the universe Chronology of the universe • • Astronomy portal Category: Physical cosmology • • • V T E The Universe
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MOTIVATION, BEHAVIOR, AND PERFORMANCE IN THE WORKPLACE I. INTRODUCTION Motivation is a subject that has long interested researchers and practitioners seeking to understand human behavior and performance. Over the course of the 20th century and into the new millennium, scholars have developed sweeping theories and have amassed large bodies of applied research investigating motivation across a variety of settings. Motivation has been studied in schools, the workplace, government, and athletic competitions
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Persuasion and Resistance: Race and the Death Penalty in America Mark Peffley Jon Hurwitz University of Kentucky University of Pittsburgh Although there exists a large and well-documented “race gap” between whites and blacks in their support for the death penalty, we know relatively little about the nature of these differences and how the races respond to various arguments against the penalty. To explore such differences, we embedded an experiment in a national survey in which respondents are
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