Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell This chapter introduces the topics of microscopy and cell fractionation, followed by a review of the cell and the major organelles and structures of eukaryotic cells. A challenge with this chapter is to keep this data from simply being a list of parts. In addition to the structure and function of individual organelles, questions probe student understanding of the cell as a dynamic, interconnected system: the flow of membrane and
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today. It can be defined as the act of creating a new individual (reproductive) or organism (therapeutic) from the single cell of a parent subject. In reproductive cloning (human cloning) a parent subject is expected to act as a surrogate mother. Making the clone involves using the parent’s empty egg (nucleus and genetic code removed) combined with the nucleus of their own skin cells to create 1 embryo which is now a copy of them. Each time a procedure is formed a life hangs in the balance. This life
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Selection * Some type of selective force * Have to have an explosive of population to occur Selection continues * It could be that human beings screwed with something the first time. * It could be some type of adaptation. * Artificial selection: You start of with artificial selection where nature is not doing it. It is us choosing which one to pick. So how does selection play a role in evolution? * Evolution: when changing or developing different characteristics over time
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3.1 1. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest unit of life. 2. How have microscopes contributed to the study of cells? Microscopes have led to the discovery of cells, have allowed us to differentiate structures in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, have allowed us to study the organelles that make up a eukaryotic cell, and have even let us watch some basic cell functions as they occur. 3. What are the main components of cell theory? The main components of cell theory are that all
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Booknotes Ch 6.3-7 Nucleus: Nucleus contains most genes in eukaryotic cells. Nuclear envelope- encloses nucleus, separating contents from cytoplasm *double membrane *perforated by pores Nuclear Lamina- netlike array of protein filaments. Mechanically supports nuclear envelope to keep its shape. Nuclear Matrix- framework of fibers extending through nucleus Chromosomes- carry genetic information. (DNA) Chromatin- material making up chromosomes. *DNA+Proteins Nucleolus- mass of density
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Heredity Heredity is the transmission from one generation to the next of factors that determine the traits of offspring. Although successful breeding of plants and animals was practiced by humans long before modern civilizations were established, there is no evidence that these early people understood the nature of hereditary factors or how they are transmitted through reproduction. EARLY HISTORY One of the early Greek philosophers, Pythagoras (582-509 BC), postulated that all traits of
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forth over time. Genetics are the building blocks of physical traits. They are an important foundation to who a person becomes; how they will develop into adulthood. When reproduction begins, the tiny cell that results from fertilization of the egg at conception multiplies into trillions of cells that form the fetus. The sperm and ovum both contribute chromosomes that form the
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that sustains an acidic environment. They can be found in all eukaryotic cells and act as the cells’ “demolition site” as they are capable of digesting macro molecules, old cell parts, microorganisms and most foreign substances that enter the cell. The enzymes contained in the lysosomes are formed by ribosomes and are then packaged by the Golgi apparatus. Lysosomes (which are common in animal cells but are rare in plant cells) contain a range of hydrolytic enzymes which take part in the digestion
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CHAPTER 4: A TOUR OF THE CELL I. CELLS ARE THE SMALLEST UNITS OF LIFE A. The study of cells began with the microscope. • Robert Hooke was the first to describe cells in 1665. • Micrographs are photos taken with microscopes • Light microscope (LM) has magnification up to 1000x o For viewing living cells • Electron microscope (EM) has magnification up to 1,000,000x o Scanning EM (SEM) for viewing surface features o Transmission
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vesicles. They are found in plant and animals cells. Golgi bodies play a major role in Carbohydrates synthesis. The Golgi bodies are the “packaging plant” of the cell. They package the proteins and send energy throughout the cell The purpose of Golgi bodies is to store chemicals products that are produced in the cells and to secrete the outside of the cells. They vary from different sizes and forms but usually have smaller organization for any kind of cell. It modifies proteins that are being delivered
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