Agency Problems and Dividend Policies Around the World Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer and Robert W. Vishny* January 1999 Abstract This paper outlines and tests two agency models of dividends. According to the “outcome” model, dividends are the result of effective pressure by minority shareholders to force corporate insiders to disgorge cash. According to the “substitute” model, insiders interested in issuing equity in the future choose to pay dividends to establish
Words: 11836 - Pages: 48
Agency Problems and Dividend Policies Around the World Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer and Robert W. Vishny* January 1999 Abstract This paper outlines and tests two agency models of dividends. According to the “outcome” model, dividends are the result of effective pressure by minority shareholders to force corporate insiders to disgorge cash. According to the “substitute” model, insiders interested in issuing equity in the future choose to pay dividends to establish
Words: 11836 - Pages: 48
Management Business Communication www.iibmindia.in SYLLABUS Business Communication S. No. Description 1 Communication in Business Organizations: Introduction; Meaning of Business Communication; Types of Information Exchanged in Business Organizations; Role of Communication in Business Organizations; Importance of Communication in Management of Business Organizations; Scope of Communication in Organizational Setting; Characteristics of Effective Business Communication; Ethical challenges
Words: 152539 - Pages: 611
STEREOTYPES 1. Introduction People are living within societies in which having different cultural background. Cross-cultural literacy is difficult to undertake due to the stumbling block such as generalization that people make and stereotypes that people have. Stereotyping is the way to use the fixed images of people belonging to a group, which have a tendency to categorize people based on a group they belong to rather than processing the information individually. Generalization usually comes
Words: 3719 - Pages: 15
Link between strategic management and leadership In this assignment it's going to be discussed about the strategic management and leadership. It will be analyzed the relationship between the strategic management and leadership. The organization which will use to describe the link between strategic management and leadership is TESCO and it will discuss about the impact of strategic management and leadership on the organization and how they work. LINK BETWEEN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP:
Words: 5173 - Pages: 21
Questions: 1. Who has the power to represent the EU internationally? The president of the European Commission, the high Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the head of delegation of the EU to third countries (e.g. the US),and the president of the European Council. 2. Of which of the following international organisations is the EU a (full) member? The FAO and WTO, two conditions need to be fulfilled: 1) The EU must have the power (as conferred by the Member States
Words: 9149 - Pages: 37
2013 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS ANNUAL REPORT 2013 Financial Summary Samsung Electronics and Consolidated Subsidiaries 228,693 Income Statements Sales Operating Profit 2011 165,002 15,644 13,759 2012 201,104 29,049 23,845 2013 228,693 36,785 30,475 201,104 36,785 Net Income 29,049 165,002 15,644 Balance Sheets Assets Liabilities Shareholders’ Equity 2011 155,800 54,487 101,314 2012 181,072 59,591 121,480 2013 214,075 64,059 150,016 2011 2012 2013
Words: 39440 - Pages: 158
nd swFactors behind the brand switching in telecom industry The issue of Customer’s switching to other service providers have been the cause of intensive research from many years now and have given rise to many theories.Due to the increased competition in the telecommunication industry it has become extremely important for the companies to pay attention towards retaining of the customers.This research study particularly investigated the causes of customer switching behavior.A prolific way to gain
Words: 6853 - Pages: 28
throughout the research process. Mr. Taufik spent a lot of time enlightening us on various issues, giving us a comprehensive view in the academic aspect via our meetings within his busy working schedule. It is our pleasure to have him as our project supervisor. Without his unconditional support and care, our project could not be finished effectively. He let us try different approaches with confidence in the process, assisting us to solve a lot of problems especially at the time when we did not know how
Words: 15228 - Pages: 61
BANGLADESH TRADE POLICY SUPPORT PROGRAMME Comprehensive Trade Policy Of Bangladesh - Draft Final, 15.09.14 - Trade Policy Support Programme (TPSP) Project Task Force – HAK Tower (2nd floor) 3/C-1 Karwan Bazar, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh 0 BANGLADESH TRADE POLICY SUPPORT PROGRAMME TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ 6 Preamble ............................................
Words: 87571 - Pages: 351
