JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY Nairobi CBD Campus Department: Human Resource Development Course: MSc. Project Management. HEPM 3111: PROJECT QUALITY &RISK MANAGEMENT Assignment 2: Summary of Articles Estimations in Project Management In essence, estimates are forecasts of the future; unfortunately, people are not very good at forecasting. While it is difficult to make forecasts of natural phenomena such as the weather; it is even harder
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The article itself was a response to a claim by a San Diego-based advocacy group called the National Coalition for Men. The author, NCFM member Ray Licht stated, “I found the bias favoring women and against men staggering. It seems unlikely that all this negative focus on men and positive focus on women is by accident. It appears to be intentional.” The language in the article is polarizing because it can be considered offensive
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Confirmation bias is when one wants a fact or belief to be true, and as a result, one will only read and use information that will reinforce their way of thinking (Heshmat). In an article by Michael Shermer, he writes about a cult that was led by a man named Jim Jones (Shermer). Jones misled many people, he caused pain and death to many people; including the people who followed him. While this may seem insane, I have unfortunately seen similar cases growing up. While they were less extreme, I have
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of different types of bias mentioned in our text books. In their book, “Analyzing Intelligence” Bruce and Bennett discuss the denial and deception (D&D) bias traps than an analyst can fall into. They mention that there are three major categories: 1) Cultural and personal bias; 2) Organizational bias; & 3) Cognitive heuristics bias. Such biases can taint the analysts opinions based on their type of biases. (George & Bruce. 2008, 127-130) Cultural and personal bias may allow the perception
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surface of this behemoth, teasing out a couple biases will make for a viable illustration and application of the concepts and issues we have discussed thus far in class. The bias that caused the most havoc in this lending crisis scenario was articulated beautifully by Bazarman and Moore as The Confirmation Trap. The Confirmation Trap boils down to whether or not a person merely searches for data that supports the decision they wish to make rather than looking for proper, empirical data to prove the
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family to spread the news of this quaint shop, and it turned into shared knowledge as word spread not only from me and who I told, but as other people discovered it on their own. However, this makes me fallible to cognitive biases, like the confirmation bias. Ignoring anyone who says the ice cream shop I found was only “alright” or “not the best ice cream ever” and only listening to those who told me it was “outstanding” strengthens my preconceived notions about the store. My accidental discovery
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2nd Summative Test Practice Exam 2011-2012 1.|Your psychology professor has announced that the next test will assess your understanding of sensation and perception. When you receive the test, however, you find that very few questions actually relate to these topics. In this instance, you would be most concerned about the ________ of the test.| A)|reliability| B)|factor analysis| C)|standardization| D)|validity| E)|normal distribution| 2.|One of the most consistently damaging teratogens
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universally true. Derivations based on the factual nature of an unproven theory like that may lead one to draw false conclusions. A cognitive bias that may creep into scientific research is called “confirmation bias.” This kind of bias may involve a scientist referring to only those data and publications that help confirm their own findings and theories. Such a bias shows its ugly head in the current scientific funding processes as well. Scientists who are reviewing their peer’s funding applications may
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Why does the majority decide to buy iPhones, when other smartphones supplied contain better features even at lower prices? This insight brief seeks to explain some of the reasons why the majority decides to buy iPhones. By pointing out some of the biases usually incurred in consumers’ decision-making process, this might help consumers to identify and be aware of the biases they make through this process. Especially, the biases occurred in the state of information search. Thereby, hopefully, this
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Ebony Bates Social Psychology Week 2- Individual work 2 Instructor: Doreen Benjamin Describe two types of mental shortcuts that you make daily that help you to predict human and/or social behavior. Provide examples. One of the types of mental shortcuts I use is the availability shortcut. Availability Heuristic is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to mind. When you are trying to make a decision, a number of related events or situations might immediately come to
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