Geert Hofstede’s research Cross-cultural issues in European Human Resource Management Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 2 Hofstede’s findings 2 Hofstede’s Framework of Cultures 3 Power Distance (PD) 3 Individualism - Collectivism (IC) 3 Masculinity - Femininity (MF) 4 Uncertainty Avoidance (UA) 4 Long/short term orientation (LTO) 5 Some aspects of Hofstede’s model having provoked scientific criticism 5 Methodological issues 6 Cultural Homogeneity 7 National Divisions
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reinforcement process by parents, teachers, and representatives of religions. Generational Differences in Values * Generations are: 1. Traditionalists 2. Baby boomers 3. Generation X 4. Generation Y * Categorized by different ages, but also distinguished by growing up under different socialization experiences; which in result could cause different values. * Such values differences might underlie the differential workplaces assets and preferences of leadership style.
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Chapter 1: The business systems of Asia Variety in the regional and general features Civilizational traditions • Confucianism • Taoism • Buddhism • Islam • Catholicism Historical external influences • Colonies • India establishing trading connections, mostly in South East Asia • Chinese who left China and settled as business people in the countries around the rim of the South China sea Periods: 1. 1945-1975 After the retreat of colonial powers, countries needed to reestablish their
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Certificate of Approval I certify that I have read “The Dynamic Linkage among Islamic Asian Emerging Stock Markets” and that in my opinion this work meets the criteria for approving a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the MSc Finance degree at Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan. Supervisor Name: Dr. Yasir Kamal Designation: Assistant Professor Coordinator Research and Development Department Name: Dr. Owais Mufti Declaration I, hereby declare
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MARKETING Impact of Cultural Differences on Global Marketing Popa Cristina-Adelina IEBA, 1-st year * SUMMARY * Origins of the company * Marketing Globalization * L’Oreal Marketing Strategy in India * INCREASING THE CUSTOMER BASE * SEGMENTING MARKETING * L’OREAL MARKETING STRATEGY IN CHINA, JAPAN * L’OREAL MARKETING STRATEGY IN NETHERLANDS * L’OREAL MARETING STRATEGY IN USA * WHY L’OREAL NEEDS TO UNDERSTAND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES? * CONCLUSION
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the way organizations and individuals function in the twenty first century if we made a comparison with how organizations functioned back in the day. There is a significantly greater focus today on employee satisfaction, work life balance, cross cultural values, virtual teams and formal performance management processes to name a few. Globalization is one the key factors which has brought a prominent change in many organizational practices in the twenty first century. Hershey and Blanchard (1977)
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became more and more important during the last decade, the topic is still not getting enough attention in the contemporary construction industry (Zhang & Fan, 2013). Especially when it comes to larger and more complex or even international and cultural complex projects, a high level of emotional intelligence and competence in the project management might be more necessary and contribute to the project’s success (Müller & Turner, 2007). Therefore this literature review contains an overview
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spectrum. At one end of the spectrum, there are those who view globalisation as the source of many of the major social problems currently affecting developing countries. At the other, are those who view it as a process that will dissolve boundaries between nations and promote global unification. Similarly, definitions of the terms ‘Global North’ and ‘Global South’ are just as varied with the term ‘globalisation’ also carrying many different and often contrasting meanings. According to Modelski, Devezas
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Complex Interdependence In 1970s, a new perspective known as transnational relations arose to question realism key assumptions of state as main and the only actor of world politics. This theory gave a new analytical framework to understand the international relations which was contrary to the state centric paradigm of realism. With complex interdependence as its central concept, this theoretical analysis advanced “synthesis of liberal + realist perspectives by constructing a way of looking at world
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chose for its valuable information. 2. Article 2 Al-Khatani, S., A., W. (2005). Refusals Realizations in Three Different Cultures: A Speech Act Theoretically-based Cross-cultural Study, Journal King Saud University, 18, 35-57. In this paper, the researcher assumes differences in the ways people from different cultural backgrounds perform refusals even while using the same linguistic code (i.e. English). Three groups of subjects, Americans, Arabs and Japanese are compared in the ways they perform
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