Management 6 The extended trial balance To understand how to account for a series of common transactions Double-entry classification (Assets/Liabilities or debit/credit) At any given point of time, assets must always equal liabilities plus equity, and debits must always equal credits
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LIQUIDITY RATIOS Interpretation of liquidity Ratios In order to survive, firms must be able to meet their short-term obligations—pay their creditors and repay their short-term debts. Thus, the liquidity of the firm is one measure of a firm's financial health. Two measures of liquidity are in common: Current ratio = current assets / current liabilities The main difference between the current ratio and the quick ratio is that the latter does not include inventories, while the former does.
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followed by comparing the advantages and disadvantages via debt financing, detail analysis of each company are included. Then, the report clarifies how we make assumptions and calculate the “optimal leverage”. Finally, the pathway each company could achieve its optimal is given. * Reasons to Choose D/E as Firm Leverage The debt-equity ratio we use is calculated by dividing Net Debt by Market Value of Equity. Net debt is the total debt minus cash. It is used to achieve a more relevant measure
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economists, Franco Modigliani and Merton H. Miller in 1958, later has been known as M&M (Modigliani-Miller) theorem. The basic theorem states that the value of a firm is unaffected by how the firm is financed, whether by issuing stock or selling debt. However, Modigliani and Miller did not provide a technique to measure economic income in a firm. “The EVA Challenge: Implementing Value Added Change in an Organization”, he proposes that the EVA program encompasses three things essentially, which
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supplier (exclusive agreement) 3. Increase in Property, plant and equipment by 54% due to purchases land, machineries, equipment and building and leaseholds improvements 4. Increase in Loans Payable –represents payment for mortgage loans for financing the company’s acquisition of transportation equipment B) Income Statement Highlights 1. Sales revenues are flat for 2008 to 2009, perhaps quantity of sold items did not increase 2. Sales and Administrative expenses increased by 50%
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Business Financing and the Capital Structure of the Federal Reserve Strayer University Principles of Finance (FIN100) Abstract This paper will describe one way the US financial markets impact the economy. How the US financial markets impact businesses and one way that they impact individuals. Providing a brief explanation of the primary roles of the US Federal Reserve, the Federal Reserve Chairman, and the Federal Reserve Board. Explaining the ways that interest rates influence the US and global
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Case 38A - Financial Forecasting Expert Systems, Inc. Team 3 Expert Systems, Inc. creates computer systems designed to help managers solve problems, particularly for banking applications in helping loan officers make loan decisions consistent with the bank’s lending decisions and credit standards. They also update their systems to keep up with changes in bank regulations, taxes, and changing economic conditions. They also have several other products, including a PC based tax preparation
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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ASSUMPTIONS ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS PROFITABILITY Pick n Pay Stores Limited Profitability Woolworths Holdings Limited Profitability Profitability Summary SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS ON PROFITABILITY Pick n Pay Stores Limited Segment Profitability Woolworths Holdings Limited Segment Profitability LIQUIDITY Pick n Pay Stores Limited Liquidity Woolworths Holdings Limited Liquidity Liquidity Summary EFFICIENCY Pick n Pay Stores
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portions of debt and equity. Debt can be categorized as either long-term or short-term debt. Short-term debt can be classified as notes payable and accounts payable and long-term debt can be classified under bonds. The equity portion of a company’s debt lies within common and preferred stock. Debt is used as a form of leverage to ultimately increase the overall return on an investment. The more debt and equity, capital structure, that a firm has, the more leverage it will have. By using debt, a company
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The Security Analysis Project What is this project? This project provides an opportunity to get some hands-on experience applying investment theory and models to real firms. In the process, participants will get a chance to: evaluate the risk profile of a firm and examine the sources of risk; analyze its capital structure and decide whether the firm is under- or over-leveraged; examine its dividend policy and decide whether the firm is under- or over-leveraged; and value the firm. How
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