A hedge is an investment position intended to offset potential losses/gains that may be incurred by a companion investment. In simple language, a hedge is used to reduce any substantial losses/gains suffered by an individual or an organization. A hedge can be constructed from many types of financial instruments, including stocks, exchange-traded funds, insurance, forward contracts,swaps, options, many types of over-the-counter and derivative products, and futures contracts. Public futures markets were
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ANALYSIS OF MARKET COMPETITION, SWITCHING COSTS AND ITS CONSEQUENCES IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN NEPAL NAME: SAROJ POUDEL DEGREE: MASTER OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS/MASTER OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY COURSE: 7112ICT RESEARCH METHODS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION The economics of switching costs and network effects have achieved a significant amount of popular, as well as professional attention in the last few decades. It is presently defined as the core factor for new Information
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Research Essay on the New Policy of the Australian Government Introduction In 2012, the Australian government introduced and implemented new regulations aimed at improving the quality of childcare provision. Aspects of the regulation included staff obtaining higher education levels and increasing the staff children ratios. These changes will affect both producers and supply for firms and the industry as a whole. In addition, inter-related markets such as input, complementary and subsititute markets(Leigh
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Mayer ETHICS IN ECONOMICS Honesty and Integrity in Academic Economics Thomas Mayer There may not be much outright plagiarism or cheating in economics research, argues this economist, but there are grounds to conclude that a bias exists in statistical research. Does this amount to dishonesty? The author tackles the issue. T is that people try to maximize their welfare. Since dishonesty can enhance the prospect of publication, the prime success indicator in academia, economists should
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lack evidence on efficacy such as intuition, unstructured meetings, and focus groups. Given ample data, use quantitative methods including extrapolation, quantitative analogies, rule-based forecasting, and causal methods. Among causal methods, econometric methods are useful given good theory, and few key variables. Index models are useful for selection problems when there are many variables and much knowledge about the situation. Use structured procedures to incorporate managers’ domain knowledge
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Specification Searches Lagged Independent Variables An Example of Choosing Independent Variables Summary and Exercises Appendix: Additional Specification Criteria Before any equation can be estimated, it must be completely specified. Specifying an econometric equation consists of three parts: choosing the correct independent variables, the correct functional form, and the correct form of the stochastic error term. A specification error results when any one of these choices is made incorrectly. This chapter
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moral responsibility more narrowly construed. Proponents argue that corporations increase long term profits by operating with a CSR perspective, while critics argue that CSR distracts from business' economic role. A 2000 study compared existing econometric studies of the relationship between social and financial performance, concluding that the contradictory results of previous studies reporting positive, negative, and neutral financial impact, were due to flawed empirical analysis and claimed when
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Wal-Mart Crushing Mom and Pop Shops Mary Ritter English 122: English Composition II Lauren Higgins July 8, 2013 Wal-Mart Crushing Mom and Pop Shops That one of the paper’s opening quotes is actually from a pro-Wal-Mart article, which goes on to discuss the merits and efficiency enhancements that result, claiming that “in a free market, large suppliers of nearly everything will drive most small suppliers out of business.” Wal-Mart
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ASSESSING GRADUATE EMPLOYMENT IN THE PRESENCE OF ENDOGENEITY AND SAMPLE SELECTION BIAS V1.2 Paul Blacklow* School of Economics and Finance, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 85, Hobart, TAS 7000 Paul.Blacklow@utas.edu.au *Presenting Author JEL Codes: I21, J23, C25 Keywords: Graduate Employment, Self Selection Bias, Sample Selection Bias Aaron Nicholas Department of Economics, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800 Aaron.Nicholas@buseco.monash.edu.au ABSTRACT This paper examines
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Input-Output Analysis Introduction: There are several non-mathematical subjects that linear algebra can be applicable too. Economics is a topic that linear algebra can be used to make a formal application, for example in Input-Output Analysis, econometrics, Game theory, and break-even point analysis. As a group we are going to be focusing on the Input-Output analysis, a type of analysis created for the purpose of describing and making predictions of complicated mathematical models using systems of
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