it is often used to evaluate realized performance for a diversified portfolio. Because it's assumed that the portfolio being evaluated is a diversified portfolio (meaning that the unsystematic risk has been eliminated), and because a diversified portfolio's main source of risk is market risk (or systematic risk), beta is an appropriate measure of that risk. Alpha is used to determine by how much the realized return of the portfolio varies from the required return, as determined by CAPM. The formula
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this project, you are going to evaluate the systematic risk of an investment portfolio. It can be an imaginary portfolio that you would like to put together to park your retirement savings, or your real 401(k) portfolio. To simplify the project, we are not going to include bonds, ETFs, mutual funds, etc. Or in other words, we are going to investigate a portfolio composed of only stocks. For example, your ideal portfolio can comprise the following stocks: IBM (5%), APPL (5%), GOOG (10%), DIS (10%)
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asset held in isolation, risk is measured with the probability distribution and its associated statistics: the mean, the standard deviation, and the coefficient of variation. The concept of diversification is examined by measuring the risk of a portfolio of assets that are perfectly positively correlated, perfectly negatively correlated, and those that are uncorrelated. Next, the chapter looks at international diversification and its effect on risk. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is then
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result is that the systematic risk (beta) of the average Hong Kong stock from a U.S. perspective is only 0.85, compared with a beta of 1.0 for the average U.S. stock. In other words, diversifying into Hong Kong stocks will reduce the riskiness of a portfolio currently concentrated in U.S. stocks. 2. What characteristics of foreign securities lead to diversification benefits for American investors? ANSWER. The two basic characteristics are: a) Many foreign securities are issued by companies
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CHAPTER 2 RISK AND RETURN: PART I (Difficulty: E = Easy, M = Medium, and T = Tough) True-False Easy: (2.2) Payoff matrix Answer: a Diff: E [i]. If we develop a weighted average of the possible return outcomes, multiplying each outcome or "state" by its respective probability of occurrence for a particular stock, we can construct a payoff matrix of expected returns. a. True b. False (2.2) Standard deviation Answer: a Diff: E [ii]. The tighter the probability
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Alex Sharpe’s Portfolio 1. Returns and Risk Estimate and compare the returns and variability (i.e. annual standard deviation over the past five years) of Reynolds and Hasbro with that of the S&P 500 Index. Which stock appears to be riskiest? S&P: Monthly average return=0.57% Annual return= 6.89% Annual SD= 12.477% (monthly SD 3.60* 3.46 (square of 12)) Reynolds: Monthly average return= 1.87% Annual return= 1.87% * 12= 22.50% Annual SD: 32.446% (monthly SD 9.37* 3.46 (square of
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MSc Corporate Finance Dr. Kirak Kim Before we start Main branches of finance Corporate Finance How do we value projects and (optimally) finance them? Asset Pricing How do we price securities more precisely? What’s the difference? Is it a Corporate Finance question or an Asset Pricing question? □ You are the manager of Intel Corp. You are reviewing the proposal for the new plant to be built in China. The new plant requires a large onetime investment but will provide significant
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Risk and Return Concepts Prepared by: JQY Risk and Return Concepts • Measures of risk and returns • Portfolio risk and returns • CAPM Return – what is earned on an investment: the sum of income and capital gains generated by an investment. Risk – possibility of loss; the uncertainty that the anticipated return will not be achieved. Risk and Return? If you have PHP 1,000,000, will you invest in: 5% 20% Risk and Return General Rule of Thumb: More Risk = More Returns Less
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deviations because the coefficient of variation considers the relative size of the expected returns of each investment. E8-4. Computing the expected return of a portfolio Answer: rp (0.45 0.038) (0.4 0.123) (0.15 0.174) (0.0171) (0.0492) (0.0261 0.0924 9.24% The portfolio is expected to have a return of approximately 9.2%. E8-5. Calculating a portfolio beta Answer: Beta (0.20 1.15) (0.10 0.85) (0.15 1.60) (0.20 1.35) (0.35 1.85) 0.2300 0.0850 0.2400 0.2700 0.6475 1.4725 E8-6. Calculating the required rate
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is to do so succinctly yet in a manner designed to emphasize the economic content of the theory. Following this, I modify the model to reflect an extreme case of an institutional arrangement that can preclude investors from choosing fully optimal portfolios. In particular, I assume that investors are unable to take negative positions in assets. For this version of the model I draw heavily from papers by Glenn (1976), Levy (1978), Merton (1987) and Markowitz (1987, 1990). Finally, I discuss the stock
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