Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 U.S. Senator Paul Sarbnes of Maryland and U.S. Representative Michael Oxley of Ohio followed a series of corporate failures, which inacted the SOX Act based on Enron’s bankruptcy and other key organizations such as Worldcom, Tyco, Xerox, and Adelphia who were among the United States organizations executives in the headlines for misdemeanors and multi-billion dollar reassertions," (Dembinski, Lager, Cornford, Bonvin, 2005). The Sarbanes-Oxley
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Score: 1. 60/100 Points 60 % Award: 10 out of 10.00 points Accounting is defined as the process by which financial information about a business is recorded, classified, summarized, interpreted, and communicated to owners, managers, and other interested parties. ✓ True False References True / False 2. Learning Objective: 01-01 Define accounting. Award: 0 out of 10.00 points Which of the following is NOT part of the process of accounting
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Meteoric Rise and Fall of Enron Enron was created in 1985 after a merger between Houston Natural Gas and Internorth. By 2002 it was gone forever. Its stock price rose to $90/share in August of 2000 before bottoming out at $0.40/share when they filed for bankruptcy on Dec. 2nd 2001. It only took 16 years for one of the largest Fortune 500 companies to completely dissolve, taking employee jobs, pensions, Arthur Andersen, and the American public’s faith with it. Enron and its young McKinsey consultant
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1. Perform an initial ratio analysis with Enron’s 2000 10-K Report, using the “Irrational Ratios”, the “Key Ratios for Investing” and the “Emerging Ratios”. Irrational Ratios Days Sales in Receivable Index | 1.376 | *This could be a red flag because this comes in closer to the mean manipulators index than the non-manipulators index. | | | | Gross Margin Index | 2.144 | *This is definitely a red flag because it is much higher than the average manipulators index of 1.193. | |
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Enron: Questionable Accounting Leads to Collapse * Problem Definition * There was a lot of oversight that happened in the company of Enron. The once supergiant energy company suddenly collapsed and it cannot be revived anymore * Performance was highly recognized and failure was gravely penalized. This lead employees to cut corners in order to achieve the desired goal * Delivery of bad news was dismissed and neglected. Only good news were entertained and this lead to employees
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The requirement to provide a DIRRI to stakeholders is not an unreasonable task for practitioners. However, the ongoing implications of the Walton case are likely to include continual heightened supervision by ASIC in regards to appointments where the referrer was involved in pre-appointment transactions requiring investigation and the increased scrutiny of DIRRI’s (even though they were held in the Walton case to be satisfactory). It has been suggested by some that pre-appointment meetings be restricted
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The talk of having a new body that was tasked with the mandate of overseeing public companies accounting and auditing process had been circulating before the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley act. As early as 1990s, the then chairman of the Security and Exchange Commission was already lamenting about the erosion of auditor independence. However, accounting scandals that emerged towards the end of 1990s showed the deplorable state of the corporate world that characterized the United States corporate
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6/21/06 5:18 PM Page 214 CHAPTER 8 ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATIONS INTRODUCTION In the third quarter of 2002, the Brookings Institution, a Washington, D.C., think tank, estimated that the corporate scandals that began with the Enron debacle in late 2000 would cost the U.S. economy $35 billion. That is the equivalent of a $10 increase per barrel of oil.1 It is, in a word, staggering. And we may not have seen the end of it. Long before Enron’s collapse, a number of business ethicists
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mistake of reporting false information; the SEC charged Arthur Andersen with obstruction of justice, as the organization was found guilty of falsifying documents relating to Enron’s financial records. Actions to Prevent the Organizational Failure Leadership within Arthur Andersen had several options available to prevent the organization from failing. First, a code of conduct should have been developed and implemented, requiring all employees to abide by this code. Additionally, the company should have
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CASE 1.1 Enron Corporation John and Mary Andersen immigrated to the United States from their native Norway in 1881. The young couple made their way to the small farming community of Plano, Illinois, some 40 miles southwest of downtown Chicago. Over the previous few decades, hundreds of Norwegian families had settled in Plano and surrounding communities. In fact, the aptly named Norway, Illinois, was located just a few miles away from the couple’s new hometown. In 1885, Arthur Edward Andersen
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