Fundamentals of human resource management African Studies Centre / University of Groningen / Mzumbe University African Public Administration and Management series, vol. 2 Fundamentals of human resource management Emerging experiences from Africa Josephat Stephen Itika Published by: African Studies Centre P.O. Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden asc@ascleiden.nl www.ascleiden.nl Cover design: Heike Slingerland Photos: Evans Mathias Kautipe Printed by Ipskamp Drukkers, Enschede ISSN 2211-8284 ISBN 978-90-5448-108-9
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CONTENTS Introduction Part One: Foundations Chapter One: Introduction to Advertising 1 Chapter Two: Advertising’s Role in Marketing 34 Chapter Three: Advertising and Society 68 Part Two: Planning and Strategy Chapter Four: How Advertising Works 103 Chapter Five: The Consumer Audience 135 Chapter Six: Strategic Research 169 Chapter Seven: Strategic Planning 205 Part Three: Effective Advertising Media Chapter Eight: Print and Out-of-Home Media 239 Chapter
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ANNUAL REPORT 2014 1. HIGHLIGHTS The financial and operating highlights for Air Canada for the periods indicated are as follows. FOURTH QUARTER CANADIAN DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT WHERE INDICATED 2014 2013 FULL YEAR $ Change 2014 2013 $ Change FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE METRICS Operating revenues 3,104 2,894 210 13,272 12,382 890 106 135 (29) 815 619 196 (206) (141) (65) (710) (617) (93) (100) (6) (94)
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CATERPILLAR FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION TABLE OF CONTENTS AND FIGURES LIST P: Organizational Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure P-1 Figure P-2 Figure P-3 Figure P-4 Figure P-5 Figure P-6 Figure P-7 1: Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Figure 1-1 Figure 1-2 Figure 1-3
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SECTION - I 1 INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING PART I Unit Structure 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Meaning & Definitions of marketing 1.3 Importance of marketing 1.4 Scope of marketing 1.5 Concepts of marketing 1.6 Role of marketing manager in changing environment 1.7 Summary 1.8 Exercise 1.0 OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter students will be able to: Understand the meaning and definition of marketing. Explain the nature of marketing Discuss the importance of marketing Know the
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disappointing results. But 2008 was not an ordinary year. Despite the difficult economic environment, we continued to improve our retail business, through investing in our associates and our stores, rebuilding our supply chain and improving customer service. We also made several strategic decisions to optimize our capital allocation, concentrating our efforts on our core business. In the first quarter, we closed 15 underperforming stores and reduced our pipeline of new stores by 50. In the third quarter
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more individuals selling products or services for profit. Products such as athletic apparel (NIKE, Reebok, Converse), computers (Packard –Bell, Hewlett-Packard, Apple) and clothing (Levis, REI, GAP) are part of our lives. Services like information communication (America Online, CompuServe, and Microsoft), dining (McDonald’s, Burger King, Wendy’s), and car rental (Hertz, Budget, Alamo) make our lives easier. A business can be as small as an in-home child care service or as massive as Wal-Mart. Nearly
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leading authors to develop the strongest educational materials in Accounting, bringing cutting-edge thinking and best learning practice to a global market. Under a range of well-known imprints, including Financial Times Prentice Hall, we craft high quality print and electronic publications which help readers to understand and apply their content, whether studying or at work. To find out more about the complete range of our publishing please visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk ACCOUNTING
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THE LEGAL REGULATION OF THE EXTERNAL COMPANY AUDITOR IN POST-ENRON SOUTH AFRICA Hannine Drake THESIS PRESENTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF STELLENBOSCH Supervisor: Prof A.H. van Wyk March 2009 ii DECLARATION By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the owner of the copyright thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise
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CONTE N T S CHAI R M A N ’ S LETTE R DEAR SH AREH OL DERS FY2012 has been a good year for your Company. The key financial results were: ¥ Consolidated revenues increased by 30% to Rs. 96.7 billion in FY2012. ¥ Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA)1 rose by 55% to Rs. 25.4 billion. ¥ Profit after Tax (PAT)2 grew by 45% to Rs. 15.3 billion. ¥ Diluted Earnings per Share (EPS) increased from Rs. 64.9 in FY2011 to Rs. 83.8 in FY2012. I am particularly delighted
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