Introduction Enzymes are biological catalysts. Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up themselves. Enzymes are also proteins. They all have different and complex shapes that allow smaller molecules to fit into them. The place where these substrate molecules fit is called the active site. The shape of an enzyme can change; its active site may no longer work. It is said the enzyme is denatured. They can be denatured by high temperatures or extremes
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the effect of enzyme concentration, pH level, and temperature on the rate of reaction? Theresa Lashinski Annandale High School In partial fulfillment of the requirements for College Biology Mrs. Kraemer November 27, 2012, 2012 Abstract What is the effect of enzyme concentration, temperature, and pH levels on the rate of reaction for the enzyme tyrosinase? An experiment was conducted, manipulating the pH levels, temperature and concentration of the enzyme tyrosinase.
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The use of enzymes to modify foods has increased vastly and these fermentations are continuing to be important, however, a new type of enzyme industry has evolved which involves the use of harvesting enzymes from microorganisms. According to Aritri Ghosh a Biotech engineer, the production of enzymes from bacteria and fungi can be isolated from the growth and cleansed and purified as necessary. Generally in industrial processes the enzyme is immobilized which allows the enzyme to be re-used and also
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www.fmfi-journal.org Focusing on Modern Food Industry (FMFI) Volume 2 Issue 4, November 2013 Optimization of Pomace and Banana Peel Fermentation for Production of Single Cell Oil A. Kulkarni*1, A. Singh2, B.K Kumbhar3, M. Sahgal4 Department of Post Harvest Process & Food Engineering, College of Technology, GB Pant University of Agri & Technology, Pantnagar 263 145 U.S Nagar, Uttarakhand, INDIA 2 corresponding author e-mail: asingh3@gmail.com Abstract Present study was carried out
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In order to identify the predation functional response of H. axyridis to tea aphids, the experiment was conducted in the controlled environment incubators (16-hr-light photoperiod; 25±3°C; 70±3% RH). The tea aphids used in this experiment were young nymphs. One first instar, starved for 24h, was placed into Petri dish (diameter 9cm and height 2cm) with a soft writing brush, tea aphids along with fresh host plant leaf were also provided. The open end of Petri dish was covered with porous pvc film
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Macromolecules Carbohydrates are a type of macromolecule. Their subunit or monomer are simple sugars such as glucose and fructose. These are created with hydrogen bonds and are inorganic CH2OH. Glucose an example of a carbohydrates function is to provide energy for the organs to function in the body. Carbohydrates are a from of short term energy. A polysaccharide starch consists of repeating glucose molecules and has the function of breaking back down into glucose to again provide energy to the body
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Chapter 4 Optimisation of a Protein A Chromatography Process Introduction The optimisation of a chromatography, we know, is vital to the efficiency of a separation process. Protein A chromatography by virtue of its incredible ability to achieve high purity of biopharmaceutical products has made itself indispensable for downstream purification of biomolecules (Hammond et al.) Even though many variations of different chromatographic separations have been employed as ‘capture’ steps over the years
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Phosphoric acid (85%) was first recognized as a swelling agent to produce reactive cellulose from air dried cellulose by Walseth [251]. Phosphoric acid swollen cellulose was then subjected to vast studies as cellulose substrate for cellulase activity assays and preparation of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) [252-254]. However, Zhang et al. [255] first observed cellulose dissolution behavior when the phosphoric acid (PA) concentration reached greater than 80.5%, its critical concentration value
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. Peroxidase (PO) Peroxidases is a multipurpose stress sensitive enzyme (Thakker et al., 2013) that catalyses the oxidation of variety of substrates, mainly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The H2O2-dependent reaction catalyzed by Peroxidases results into the condensation of phenolics to lignins (Thakker et al., 2013), thereby removing the toxic H2O2 from tissues (Lebeda et al., 1999). The key function of PO is lignin biosynthesis (Bruce & West, 1989) in plants. Lignins add strength to the cell wall creating
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The pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Verticillium lecanii, was evaluated against the adult of vine mealybug ,Planococcus ficus (Signoret) under laboratory conditions by dipping bioassays. The results showed that the virulence of B. bassiana was higher than the virulence of M.anisopliae and V. lecanii. In case of B. bassiana isolate, the LC50 value was 6 × 104 conidia /ml while LT50 recorded 5.30 days at 5 × 107 conidia /ml. Results showed that
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