definition of the term ‘CC’, focusing instead on the knowledge, skills and attributes that appear to be its antecedents. In this conceptual study, we propose a definition of CC as it applies to international business and develop a model for understanding how CC is nurtured in individuals, linking our definition to the concept of cultural intelligence. We discuss the components of the model and suggest that there are environmental and contextual impediments to the effective application of the requisite
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Marketing 201 Chapter 1 Marketing is a process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships to capture value from customers in return. Needs: States of deprivation Wants: Form that needs take as they are shaped by culture and individual personality Demands: Wants backed by buying power Segmentation, targeting, demarketing. * Production concept is the idea that consumers will favour products that are available or highly affordable.
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survey of similar sized firms operating in USA and Iran. One country stands for freedom of expression while the other is known for religious fundamental beliefs. A survey of managers was carried out in a bid to understand attitudes with respect to strategy, communication, technology and human resource management. The finding was that while local culture creates a certain competitive environment, the running of business is determined by the belief system of the business owner and manager style of
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9 Current Psychology of Basics Knowledge Management & Organizational Learning 9 Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning 9 Knowledge Management Processes and Goals 10 Current Knowledge Management Systems 11 Organizational Learning 11 Knowledge Management in Organizations 12 The Knowledge Management Processes Cycle 12 KM Strategies 14 Codification Sub-Strategies – Earl’s codification-oriented sub-strategies are: 15 2. MOTIVATION 16 2.1 Motivational Concept 16 Ego-focused versus
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to say that we are now on the burger generation. Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is an approach to brand communication where the different modes work together to create a seamless experience for the customers and are presented with a similar tone and style that reinforces the brands core message. Its goal is to make all aspects of marketing communication such as advertising, sales promotion, public relations, direct marketing, personal selling, online communication and social media work
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LEAD USER PROJECT HANDBOOK: A practical guide for lead user project teams INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS AND SERVICES CONSUMER PRODUCTS AND SERVICES PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Joan Churchill • Eric von Hippel • Mary Sonnack PREFACE When Joan Churchill, Mary Sonnack and I were doing lead user projects for our research in the 1990’s, we needed some standardized training materials for lead user project teams. We therefore wrote this handbook, and progressively revised it based upon
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to the headstock will show that much of the price variation has to do with where the guitar is produced. Fender Stratocasters can be produced in Japan, Mexico, Korea, and the United States. You might wonder which nationality of Fender Stratocaster garners the highest price on the free market. The result might
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Dou et al./Brand Positioning Strategy RESEARCH ARTICLE BRAND POSITIONING STRATEGY USING SEARCH ENGINE MARKETING1 By: Wenyu Dou Department of Marketing City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon HONG KONG SAR mkwydou@cityu.edu.hk Kai H. Lim Department of Information Systems City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon HONG KONG SAR iskl@cityu.edu.hk Chenting Su Department of Marketing City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon HONG KONG SAR mkctsu@cityu.edu.hk Nan
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PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING Every business, service or product oriented organization must complete its operation by disposing of its products or rendering its services to the customers. Various marketing concepts hold that customers will generally not buy a product they don’t know or they have not been asked/convinced to buy. It is therefore the role of the marketing function in any business to fill this gap and complete the business operation. Definition of Marketing The
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------------------------------------------------- What is a Project? Learning Objectives After completing this topic, you should be able to * recognize examples of a project * identify the characteristics of a project 1. Project characteristics Projects make up almost half of the work that most organizations do. Organizations use projects to help meet their strategic goals. In terms of strategic goals, projects may help an organization meet changes in market demands, customer requests
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