available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1651466 1 Introduction For several years, when setting discount rates Damodaran has advocated more consideration of country risk premiums (CRP ) when it comes to assessing companies with activities in emerging markets. We have to acknowledge that his approach is enjoying growing support among investment banks and auditing firms. At the same time, it is to be noted that Damodaran’s concept has failed to resonate sufficiently with the academic community. This is reason
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without finance. For there to be business concern therefore, there must be money. Development has however, changed the business operations in the capital globalize markets. People invest in business to make returns. It is therefore imperative for an individual to invest as well as institutional investors. Prior to development in capital markets, individual investors used to make their own investment decisions. But all these are changed now as individual investors have been replaced by institutional investors
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company’s shareholder wealth is equal to the number of shrares outstanding times market value per share. * We need to know what factors affect the stock price. * The value of a share of stock is the present value of the cash flows an “average investor” expects to receive in the future id he or she bought the stock. * Long-term view important. Market price VS intrinsic value Stock’s market price: actual market price of the share of stock. Value based on perceived returns and risk. (could
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or crowd, behavior trends and reverses in recognizable patterns. Using stock market data as his main research tool, Elliott discovered that the ever-changing path of stock market prices reveals a structural design that in turn reflects a basic harmony found in nature. From this discovery, he developed a rational system of market analysis. Elliott isolated thirteen patterns of movement, or "waves," that recur in market price data and are repetitive in form, but are not necessarily repetitive in
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Introduction Managing portfolio and investing in stocks is very risky and could be tricky, as a result, financial experts and investors view it as necessary or smart to know what to expect when they invest. Due to this, different statistical models have emerged to attempt to scientifically measure the potential returns on an investment. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) are two of such models. The purpose of this essay is to critically compare the Arbitrage
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Trading Strategies 1. Based on the Dicky-Fuller stationary test the pair is not a promising pair. The statistic is 2.51, which is not promising 2. 3. Pairs Trading Strategy a. On the spread sheet columns E,F,G (PEP) and NOP(KO) are the various normalized N-day returns for the two stocks (N ranges from 5, 10, and 20 days). b. Column HIJ and QRS are c. Finally the differences between the z normalized returns are expressed in columns TUV (For example: T=zret5_pepsi
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are now- financial markets are in turmoil, China is rising as economic power, young people from Europe and America are protesting against, what they see as ineffective government and regulations. In next years the world will change even more- also thanks to changes, that will be made as an answer to the global economic crisis- in terms of values, necessary institutions and policies. The first step toward ending the crisis is to introduce new regulations, that would stabilize the market. Since
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Chapter 15: Understanding Accounting and Financial Statements Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to identify some of the concepts of Understanding Accounting and Financial Statements in the business world. Learning objectives 1. Explain the functions of accounting, and identify the three basic activities involving accounting. 2. Describe he roles played by public, management, government, and not-for-profit accountants. 3. Identify the foundations of the accounting system
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BAYER AG A Financial Analysis Executive Summary This paper tries to analyse the financial strength of Bayer AG and the other aspects associated with its capital structure and dividend policy. The organisation has been trying to change its financial structure to a management-driven one. This is evident from the reduction in the share capital of the organisation and the rise of debt capital, which it has been using efficiently to reduce its tax burden and control the overall
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consumers assumed an unprecedented debt load. As part of the housing and credit booms, the amount of financial agreements called mortgage-backed securities (MBS), which derive their value from mortgage payments and housing prices, greatly increased. Such financial innovation enabled institutions and investors around the world to invest in the U.S. housing market. As housing prices declined, major global financial institutions that had borrowed and invested heavily in subprime MBS reported significant losses
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