Modeling Culture in Trade: Uncertainty Avoidance* Gert Jan Hofstede Wageningen University gertjan.hofstede@wur.nl Catholijn M. Jonker Delft University of Technology c.m.jonker@tudelft.nl Tim Verwaart LEI Wageningen UR tim.verwaart@wur.nl Keywords: trade, culture, agents, uncertainty avoidance, negotiation Abstract A model is presented of the way that our cultural attitude towards the unknown influences the decisions we make in trade. Uncertainty avoidance is one of Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions
Words: 6864 - Pages: 28
Avis Mitchell MT302/Organizational Behavior March 24, 2013 Prof. Wessel The countries I have selected are: Brazil, Japan, and the Netherlands, but let us first talk about Brazil. According to Cultural Dimensions Explained website (2013), the Hofstede Graph for Brazil indicates that Uncertainty Avoidance or UAI dimension is at higher levels, which means that the population is less tolerant to uncertainty and to lower it they adopt laws and policies which are very strict. The Individualism or IDV
Words: 797 - Pages: 4
country often have very different historical backgrounds which lead to a vast plethora of different national cultural contexts. The authoritative work on formally distinguishing the differences between these cultures was carried out by Professor Geert Hofstede between 1967 and 1973. His work involved analysing values of IBM employees
Words: 1912 - Pages: 8
1.0 Introduction Since 1920 Qantas Airways has offering air transportation services for the general public. Qantas Airways Limited was founded in Queensland (Qantas Airways). The aim of this report is to analyse and give recommendations for Qantas Airways in order to expand their flights to South Africa. Qantas is not manufacturing any products in South Africa, they only offering transportation services by airplane in order to help people travel to South Africa easier. In order to
Words: 1766 - Pages: 8
model to a certain extent reflects people’s values toward work and life in the contemporary society. On the one hand, we can estimate our thoughts and actions based on a general sense of how the society might react to us by using Hofstede’s model. “Hofstede measures culture in five dimensions and teaches that cooperation across cultures is essential to human survival.” (Marilyn, 2013) On the other hand, managers can analyze multi-cultural employee’s personalities and group them reasonably to have a
Words: 511 - Pages: 3
culture to be strange and quite different from what you are used to in Canada. One of the major differences is that Brazil is a collectivistic culture as measured on Hofstede’s Individualism Index, in contrast to Canada’s individualistic culture (Hofstede, 2014). Brazil’s collectivist nature will have many impacts on your daily interactions, including the Brazilian importance of family, which will often be place above work priorities (Training, 2012). Brazil is also different in its communication
Words: 2632 - Pages: 11
before the groups’ interest (Victor, 1992; Wagner & Moch, 1986). Collectivistic Singapore Schwartz (1994:111) described Chinese in Singapore as “closest to the pure Hofstede conception of collectivism, high in conservatism and hierarchy, and low in autonomy and mastery”. In addition, in a survey conducted by Hofstede (1997), Singapore was ranked extremely low in individualism – 39th place out of 41 countries. This
Words: 1706 - Pages: 7
CULTURE | A1.3 | U.K. ADVERTISEMENT | A1.4 | DESCRIPTION OF ADVERTISEMENT | A1.5 | INDIA’S ADVERTISEMENT | A1.6 | DESCRIPTION OF INDIA’S ADVERTISEMENT | A1.7 | HOFSTEDE MODEL | PART B B1.1 | NEW ADVERTISEMENT | B1.2 | MASLOW NEED HIERARCHY THEORY | B1.3 | MASLOW THEORY APPLIED IN ADVERTISEMENT | B1.4 | HOFSTEDE LAW APPLIED IN ADVERTISEMENT | B1.5 | RECOMMANDATION | B1.6 | CONCLUSION | B1.7 | REFERENCES | PART A CULTURE A 1.1 Introduction Nescafe was established in
Words: 2984 - Pages: 12
communicate effectively, one must be aware of, understand and appreciate another culture. Cultural difference is the biggest barrier in doing business in the world market. Hofstede (1993) believes that the spread of business onto the global stage brings the issue of national and regional differences to the forefront. Hofstede measures culture in five dimensions and teaches that cooperation across cultures is essential to human survival. These five dimensions are Power distance, individualism, masculinity
Words: 921 - Pages: 4
Business Environment: 3 1.1 Economic: 3 1.2 Political Factors: 4 1.3 Environment Factor: 4 1.4 Social Factors: 5 1.5 Technological Factor: 5 1.6 Basic Appeal for Wholly-Owned Subsidiary: Why choosing Vietnam? 6 2 Cultural Issue: 7 2.1 Hofstede Model: 7 2.2 Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck Model: 9 3 Government Promotion on FDI: 11 Recommendation: 12 Conclusion: 12 References: 13 Appendix: 15 Introduction: When the power of globalization, trade and international area has increased significantly
Words: 3832 - Pages: 16
