the TB infection requires a long time of exposure. For example, spending a long time with someone who has active TB disease such as a family member or roommate may lead a person to get TB infection, but shaking hands and sharing both clothing and eating utensils does not transmit this infection. (1) However, TB bacteria evolve slowly, so there is no instant danger to the person who is exposed to TB bacteria or to those who are around him/her.
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directly by the bacterium affecting human tissue as with normal bacterial infections. Instead, the symptoms common with the infection are caused by a reaction to a neurotoxin called Tetanospasmin (Wells). The symptoms of this toxin on the body are a result of the toxin binding to inhibitory neurons, preventing the release of neurotransmitters: glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (Wells). Due to the nature of this type of infection, not directly from a bacterium than can be killed by the body’s immune
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these germs from infecting your lungs, but sometimes these germs can overpower the person’s immune system, even if the person’s health is generally good. Pneumonia is classified according to the types of germs that cause it and where you got the infection (Staff, 2015). Pneumonia can be acquired in both health care facilities as well as in community environments. Preventative measures, outbreak detection, management and education, and statistics are all vital components to help healthcare providers
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covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. Many people aren’t knowledgeable about this disease or condition, as they should be as this condition is commonly caused by infection rather viral, bacterial, autoimmune, etc. Viral encephalitis may develop during or after infection with any of several viral illnesses including influenza, measles, mumps, herpes simplex, rabies, chickenpox, including West Nile virus.
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harm of acquiring an infection. In most instances, straightforward measures can readily control risks e.g. ensuring that clean and dirty linen are segregated to prevent cross contamination. The law does not expect that all risks will be eliminated, but requires that all steps that are reasonably practicable are taken to protect residents. The risk assessment is simply a careful examination of what could cause harm to residents in the workplace, including the risk of infection so that an assessment
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Hepatitis B Virus According to the CDC, Hepatitis B is a viral infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. Hepatitis B is an infection transmitted by blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person who’s infected with the Hepatitis B virus. Such can occur through sexual contact, sharing needles, syringes, other drug-injection equipment; or from mother to baby at birth. Other ways you may become infected with hepatitis B is if you come in contact with infected blood or open sores and wounds
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more advanced immune system to counter the teeming viruses that exist in the world. However, some brute viruses such as Variola Virus, causes smallpox, once was a threatening virus to the world. The virus was spread through the air and the smallpox infection resulted people in high fever, serve aches, scarring rashes or even death. Thus vaccines were introduced to prevent contagious disease, with the help of knowledge of human immune system. The human immune system is complex and it holds three different
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The prognosis upon infection of herpes simplex virus, epithelial cells of the genital area and oral mucosa are quickly penetrated by the virus, which replicates quickly in the cells leading to deterioration and without treatment necrosis. The HSV specifically affects sensory nerves in the dorsal route ganglia. HSV remains hidden or dormant in our bodies. If the HSV cells remain dormant, no new viruses are produced (Mandal, 2003). Reappearance of HSV oral sores are known as cold sores, since
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Some of the more common infections found in humans are specific to fungi and parasites. While parasitic infections are not as prevalent in first world countries like the US, there are a few that still pose a moderate risk of exposure. To begin with fungal infections, it is important to remember that the words “Tinea” and “mycosis” both infer that a fungal infection is present. So as we go over some of these conditions, keep those two words in mind. The first condition we will look at will be Tinea
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catheters are also one of the important risk factors in the acquisition of candidemia. Candida species adhere avidly to materials used in intravascular catheters and provide a potential nidus for infection. Some species like Candida parapsilosis are especially implicated in intravascular catheter-related infections in neonates and in the paediatric age group. The role played by intravascular catheters in perpetuating candidemia has implications for its management. Removal of vascular catheters has been
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