1. Ricardian theorem, HO theorem, definition, explanation One of the most well-known explanations of international trade is the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage. The theory’s distinctive contribution lies in its main tenet that even if one country is more efficient in absolute terms in producing goods than another, short run gains from trade can be obtained if it specializes in the production and export of the goods which it produces relatively efficiently, i.e. in which it holds a comparative
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Operations Exam Framework Exam writing * Use headings and titles * Be short and clear * Executive summary is useful * Use exhibits + quantitative analysis * Don’t repeat case facts Strong Exams * Support claims with evidence * Are specific * Address root causes * Prioritize time and actions * Impact of actions * Organization of report * Use exhibits for assumptions * Actions consistent with analysis Read the Case Executive Summary
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chain strategies vertical integration, Keiretsu networks and virtual companies. Vertical integration develops the ability to produce goods and services previously purchased or to actually buy a supplier or distributor it can be forward or backward integration. Backward integration suggests a firm purchase its suppliers. Forward integration in the other hand, on the other hand, suggests that a manufacturer of components make the finished product. Vertical integration may provide opportunities
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“economies of scope” * You don’t need to diversify to achieve “economies of scope”, you can license 1. ex: - Pepsi selling Starbucks Frappachino * Deciding which way to achieve “economies of scope” is a debate about market contracts (legal documents and watching partner not exploit) vs. internalization (running a diversified company) * If a resource can be licensed out close to real value, do it. * “Parenting Advantage” can help explain most successful diversification
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world’s attention. The city managers boldly demarcated dedicated bus lanes on roads perceived as a privileged space for cars. These exclusive lanes improved speed and reduced travel time. Well-designed buses turned intra-city travel a pleasure. Intelligent integration of bus network and city planning reduced trip lengths. In 2000, the city of Bogotá in Colombia improved upon the Curitiba model and launched its own TransMilenio BRTS. Its resounding success silenced the sceptics and reiterated that wise planning
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of future years, (4) explain the anatomy of financial reporting fraud by reconstructing journal entries, (5) prepare comparative financial statements for retroactive restatements, (6) explain the rationale for clawback provisions in compensation contracts, and (7) understand the difference between the real and accrual-based earnings management. Keywords: earnings management; financial statement fraud; restatements; error correction; clawback provision; Conceptual Framework. This company was on the
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HEADLINE: Financial appraisal report on OMPL aromatics complex project CONTENT: Draft financial appraisal report by SBI Caps on aromatics complex project in Mangalore SEZ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Introduction ONGC-Mangalore Petrochemicals Ltd (OMPL) is a company promoted by Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) and Mangalore Refineries & Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL) for setting up an aromatics complex at Mangalore in Mangalore 'Special Economic Zone (MSEZ)
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mF OXFORD INSTITUTE O R I ENERGY STUDIES The Effects of Vertical Integration on Oil Company Performance Fernando Barrera-Rey Oxford Institute for Energy Studies WPM 21 October 1995 The contents of this paper are the author's sole responsibility. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies or any of its Members. Copyright 0 1995 Oxford Institute for Energy Studies All rights reserved. No palt of this publication may be reproduced
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Downstream competition between an upstream supplier and an independent downstream firm by Yaron Yehezkel* Preliminary and incomplete March, 2003 Abstract: I consider an upstream supplier that supplies an input to an independent downstream firm and in addition sells the final product to consumers. I find that the upstream supplier cannot implement the monopoly outcome without imposing maximum resale price maintenance (RPM). RPM increases social welfare if consumers’ valuation for the final
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Strategy Formulation & Implementation Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd 1. Summary: Indian pharmaceutical industry is estimated at $8 billion in 2013 and had been growing at an average rate of 8–9 %. The industry was highly fragmented with more than 1000 players out of which 30% of market was controlled by top ten companies and the rest of 70% by small companies. The Global pharmaceutical industry was estimated at $ 600 billion in 2013. Indian pharmaceutical industry has become more innovative and
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