Auditing is an independent, objective assurance & consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization’s operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control and governance processes. Auditing is globally recognized. It is counter check to accounting data so that any error, mistake or fraud can be easily detected through the technique of auditing. It
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What is auditing? systematic examination of books, accounts, documents and vouchers of a organization to ascertain how far the financial statements present a true and fair view of the concern. Auditing principles Fair presentation - Obligation to report findings truthfully and accurately. Independence – Impartiality and objectivity. Conclusions should based on evidence & findings Evidence- reports should have verifiable ability. Roles and responsibilities of auditors Inquiring of management
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governmental auditing every two years. Individuals who work on GAGAS audits for 20% or more of their time must complete at least 80 hours of CPE relating to governmental auditing every two years. The engagement letter should contain information such as: * the objective of the audit (an expression of an opinion on the financial statements); * the fact that management is responsible for: * the financial statements, * establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial
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means of communication 审计报告如一个通讯方法 32 audit report 审计报告 33 audit risk 审计风险 34 audit sampling 审计抽样 35 audit staffing 审计工作人员 36 audit timing 审计定时 37 audit trail 审计线索 38 auditing standards 审计准则 39 auditors duty of care 审计（查帐）员的抚养责任 40 auditors report 审计报告 41 authority attached to ISAs 代理权附上到国际砂糖协定 42 automated working papers 自动化了工作文件 43 bad debts 坏账 44
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Audit Plan ACC 410 I will attempt to set up an audit plan for Keystone Computers & Networks, Inc. In order to set up this audit plan, I will use an outline format that will cover systematically throughout the entire audit. Every audit is unique in which all auditors have their own ways of making their plans. Planning of an audit is a continuous process and that the strategy and planned audit approach may change as new information comes to an auditor’s attention during the course of the
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The current file of an auditor’s audit documentation most likely would include a copy of the | | | Flowchart of the internal control activities. | | | Articles of incorporation. | | | Bank reconciliation. | | | Pension plan contract | | | According to the auditing standards, which of the following terms identifies a requirement for audit evidence? | | | Adequate. | | | Reasonable. | | | Disconfirming. | | | Appropriate. | | | During the confirmation
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the Institute of Internal Auditors a Code of Ethics is a comprehensive statement of the values and principles, which should guide the daily work of auditors. The Code of Ethics states the principles and expectations governing the behavior of individuals and organizations in the conduct of internal auditing. It describes the minimum requirements for conduct, and behavioral expectations rather than specific activities. Fundamental Principles The Code of Ethics mandates that internal auditors behave
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AUDITING DEFINITION Auditing can be defined as an independent examination of the books of accounts and vouchers of a business with a view of forming an opinion as to whether these have been kept properly according to the Companies Act and as to whether the statement drawn there from portrays a true and fair view of the company’s state of affairs at a given date. The above definition can be broken down as follows: i. Independent examination: this is conducted by a qualified accountant qualified
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CASE 1.6 NEXTCARD, INC. Synopsis In November 2001, Arthur Andersen & Co. employees in that firm’s Houston office shredded certain Enron audit workpapers during the midst of a federal investigation of the large energy company. The decision to destroy those workpapers ultimately proved to be the undoing of the prominent accounting firm. A few years later, a felony conviction for obstruction of justice would effectively put Andersen out of business. Ironically, at the same time that
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Most non-Chinese find the behaviors of Chinese in terms of business peculiar. To be able to understand their behaviors, one must learn and understand their culture. China is a diverse country; however, unity is very apparent in their culture. One main factor for their unity is the influence of Confucianism. Confucianism governs every relationship in China, and that includes business relations. Chinese culture is relationship-based. For
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