chapter 9. Evaluating new production and sourcing locations 9.1 Labor costs in manufacturing industries in different countries Norway Belgium Switzerland West. Germany Denmark Finland France Austria Luxemburg Sweden Netherlands Ireland Italy USA Japan UK Spain East Germany Canada Greece Slovenia 43.64 38.59 37.14 36.05 35.08 33.76 33.31 33.20 33.09 32.88 32.75 29.62 27.40 22.95 22.86 22.21 21.87 21.11 21.01 16.44 13.18 South Korea Malta Portugal
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This paper proposes to use Zara as a case study to analyze the internationalization process and its impact on the international context. Through the analysis, it seeks to gain some insights from this Spanish fashion retailer’s internationalization strategies that we could learn and apply in international business today. Zara started as a clothing retailer in Spain in 1975 and became incorporated within Inditex in 1985 (Keeley and Clark 2008). From its first inception, Zara focused its growth
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non-exporting, or to highly vs. limitedly exporting companies. The past 10 years witnessed an increasing interest toward firms which do not try first to grow and get strong market positions in their home countries and after that start foreign op- erations but rather are involved in foreign operations in their first years of operations or even straightaway start their foreign sales. These firms have been labeled quite differently in various studies: born globals (Knight & Cavusgil, 1996; Madsen & Servais
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boundaries, and about the underlying motivations. In this paper a characterization of back-shoring as part of the dynamics of firms’ internationalization strategies is offered. Next, building on emerging empirical evidence, open questions are identified and an agenda for research is proposed. KEYWORDS Reshoring Back-reshoring Near-reshoring Off-shoring Internationalization 1. Introduction In the last few years numerous manufacturing companies have announced the return of part of their off-shored
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2012) and the biggest manufacturer in Europe. VW is one of the earliest investors and the biggest foreign car maker in China with 15% of market shares. This report, by applying relevant theories, such as Dunning’s eclectic paradigm or Hymer’s internationalization theory, will explain why VW Company decided to invest in China through joint venture rather than acquisition or Greenfield investment. Introduction Chinese car industry, as well as many other branches, is very young, although dynamic
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BI-WEEKLY ASSESSMENT Question 2: "The study of international business is fine if you are going to work in a large multinational enterprise, but it has no relevance for individuals who are going to work in small firms." Evaluate this statement. Introduction With the evolution of society, the phenomenon of globalization has gradually emerged in the field of economy, environment and culture. As a part of economy globalization, close economic connection between countries is bridged by means of
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#2. Companies have to consider a wide array of factors before investing in internationalization of their firm. Companies focus their decision on 4 main factors including: strategic considerations, location decision factors, ownership mode decisions, and the decision-making process. Strategic considerations include the identification of high growth potential markets in the Middle East. Location decision factors include the market potential due to proximity of affluent economies, the governmental regulations
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SEMINAR IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ( DRS 3283 ) Name : Norsyafinaz Binti Shah Rizal Thomas ID No : 012011110183 Lecturer name : Sir Anuar Sulaiman A research paradigm for international business communication On this journal that can sumarize with this conceptual paper aims to present a research paradigm for international business communication research, with special reference to the problems of Japanese corporations and to develop
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International Strategy Advanced Strategy M2/MSc 2015-2016 Corporate (or Growth) strategy: Key questions? • Should the firm focus its activities on a specific market or diversify in several segments or sectors? • Should the firm limit its business to the local market or internationalize? • Which method of growth strategy should the firm choose? • organic development or • corporate, commercial, technical alliances with other stakeholders active in the business environment (clients,
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the analysis of the similarities and differences of the internationalization processes and strategies among Norwegian and Lithuanian SMEs (small and medium sized enterprises). Therefore R. Korsakiene and M. Tvaronaviciene mention some general internationalization models and theories of SMEs like the stage approach, foreign direct investment theory or the network approach. The following chapter describes the link between internationalization and entrepreneurship which leads to a definition of international
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