2: Initiation of internationalization 8 1. Introduction 8 2. Internationalization motives 8 3. Triggers of export initiation (change agents) 9 4. Internationalization barriers / risks 9 SESSION 2 11 CHAPTER 3: Internationalization theories 11 1. Introduction 11 2. The Uppsala internationalization model 11 3. The transaction cost analysis model 11 4. The network model 12 5. Internationalization of SMEs 12 6. Born globals 12 7. Internationalization of services 13
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the analysis of the similarities and differences of the internationalization processes and strategies among Norwegian and Lithuanian SMEs (small and medium sized enterprises). Therefore R. Korsakiene and M. Tvaronaviciene mention some general internationalization models and theories of SMEs like the stage approach, foreign direct investment theory or the network approach. The following chapter describes the link between internationalization and entrepreneurship which leads to a definition of international
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1. SMEs internationalisation Agndal, Henrik; Chetty, Sylvie. The impact of relationships on changes in internationalisation strategies of SMEs, European Journal of Marketing41. 11/12 (2007): 1449-1474. Etemad, H. and Wright, R.W. (2003), “Internationalization of SMEs: Toward a New Paradigm”, Small Business Economics, 20, 1-4. Ibeh, K.I.N. (2003), ‘Toward a Contingency Framework of Export Entrepreneurship: Conceptualisations and Empirical Evidence’, Small Business Economics, 15 (1), 49-68. Prashantham
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(1)INTRODUCTION When doing business in an international scale, it is important to understand what international business really means. Therefore according to Rugman & Collinson (2012) international business can be defined as “The study of transactions taking place across national borders for the purpose of satisfying the needs of individuals and organizations. Some of the well known International businesses (MNE’s) are Wal-Mart, Toyota Motors, General Motors and Volkswagen for their performance
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characteristics to the extent of learning culture and innovation …………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 3. Critical review internationalization theories and the case of Wal-Mart from 1994 onwards……………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 3.1 Theories of internationalization…………………..……………………….……………………...7 3.2 Wal-Mart’s internationalization strategies from 1994 onwards……………..……9 4. Wal-Mart entry Brazilian and Japanese market……………………………………………….10 4.1 Considerable
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Journal of Business Venturing 27 (2012) 266–290 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Business Venturing International entrepreneurship research in emerging economies: A critical review and research agenda Andreea N. Kiss a,⁎, Wade M. Danis b, 1, S. Tamer Cavusgil c, 2 a b c Global Economics and Management Department Faculty of Economics and Business University of Groningen, 800 Postbus, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands Peter B. Gustavson School of Business
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0 Mälardalen University MIMA-International Business and Entrepreneurship School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology EFO705 Master Thesis The internationalization process of Red Bull from the perspectives of global expansion Group 2263: Karakawat Sarasalin 830117 Thitiporn Watthanachai 831031 Supervisor: Jean-Charles Languilaire 23rd November 2009 1 Abstract Date: 23rd November, 2009 Level: Master Thesis in International Business and Entrepreneurship
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and give some comparison with Zara. (Nueno and Ghemawat, 2003) (Palladino, 2010) IV. Thesis Statement To analyze the key factors which influence the Zara’s Internationalization and its success Analysis I. Internationalization a. Theory of Internationalization In this part, the researcher will discuss the theory of Internationalization and why it is important to go international (Rugman, 1981; Tumbull, 1985; Piercy, 1981). b. Implication on Zara i. Motives to go international In this part, researcher
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suggestions were made that the internationalization theory also known as the market imperfections theory consigns the two flaws of the Knickerbocker’s theory relating. As a result of licensing a firm may lose counteract ant technology to an upcoming foreign opponent. Licensing does not completely commit total control over production, retailing and planning to the firm which may be mandatory for maximization of profits. These flaws are looked into in the internationalization theory. In the same industry
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1. Introduction This paper presents and discusses how an entrepreneur in this ever changing world strives to become an international firm. This case study of an Omani firm Renaissance Services SAOG (hereafter, Services) explains and shows us the growth on international scale of a family owned business. In order to understand the case, several key components were identified, and were analyzed to see its text book validity. Each component is critically analyzed as the case study progresses.
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