alcohols in water, which gave a soluble result in ethanol, sec-butyl alcohol and tert-butyl alcohol. Next is the Lucas test, which is used to differentiate 1°, 2° & 3° alcohols. In Lucas test, tert-butyl alcohol gave an immediate turbid result; the rate of reaction was noted. Chromic Acid test (Jones Oxidation) which gave a positive result by producing a blue-green solution with the sample n-butyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and isopropyl alcohol. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone (2,4-DNP) was used to
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normal’s (expected average values for temperature and precipitation) for a given place and time of year, from one decade to the next. We know that the global climate is currently changing. The last decade of the 20th Century and the beginning of the 21st have been the warmest period in the entire global instrumental temperature record, starting in the mid-19th century. Climate change, also called global warming, refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. An overwhelming scientific
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......................................................................................... iii Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................. vi Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Definition of the Problem ..............................................................................
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knowledge of that with which they work. This paper described one of the commonly used engineering materials nowadays. Epoxy resin which is routinely used as adhesives, coating encapsulates, casting materials, potting compounds and binders. INTRODUCTION Epoxy resins were first commercialized in 1946 and are widely used in industry as protective coatings and for structural applications, such as laminates and composites, tooling, molding, casting, bonding and adhesives, and others. The ability
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Fibre Laser Cutting Introduction In the Fibre Laser Cutting experiment we were faced with a High Power Laser and required to design a series of experiments to determine how certain parameters affect laser cutting Aim To gain a basic understanding of the operation of High Power Class 4 Industrial Lasers in regards to the cutting of sheet metal, and how varying parameters affects the cuts finish. Objectives 1. Learn basic components of a high power (Class 4) laser system and the basic
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BASIC INSTRUMENTATION MEASURING DEVICES AND BASIC PID CONTROL Table of Contents Section 1 - OBJECTIVES 3 Section 2 - INSTRUMENTATION EQUIPMENT 7 2.0 INTRODUCTION 7 2.1 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT 7 2.1.1 General Theory 7 2.1.2 Pressure Scales 7 2.1.3 Pressure Measurement 8 2.1.4 Common Pressure Detectors 9 2.1.5 Differential Pressure Transmitters 11 2.1.6 Strain Gauges 13 2.1.7 Capacitance Capsule 14 2.1.8 Impact of Operating Environment
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Jacinta Houng Comparing the Solubility of Chemicals in Water “Water is known as the “universal solvent” because so many different substances dissolve in it and we rely on this for many of our daily needs.” Introduction: Water is known as the ‘universal solvent’ as it is capable of dissolving a variety of different substances and dissolves more substances than any other liquid. However the ability to be soluble depends on a substances polarity and bonding. This then contributes to the various ways
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Summer Project Report Study of MDA (malondialdehyde) as abiotic stress marker in CSV-17 variety of Sorghum bicolor. Submitted in partial fullfilement of the requirement for B.Tech. Biotechnology Semester VII AMITY INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AMITY UNIVERSITY RAJASTHAN JAIPUR 2011 Supervised by: Dr Ajit Kumar Sr. Research Officer S.P. Institute of Biotechnology, Jaipur Submitted by: Ravi Pareek DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project report entitled “Study of MDA (malondialdehyde) as
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Identification of Unknown Organic Compounds Introduction The identification and characterization of the structures of unknown substances are an important part of organic chemistry. Although it is often possible to establish the structure of a compound on the basis of spectra alone (IR, NMR, etc.), the spectra typically must be supplemented with other information about the compound: physical state and properties (melting point, boiling point, solubility, odor, color, etc.), elemental analysis
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| 2012 | | | Determination of the acidity and peroxide value of vegetable oils PIEB II – MIB|MIEQ Yen Nguyen-MESG Index Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Methods and Materials 6 Results and Discussion 7 Acidity 7 Peroxide 9 Conclusion 11 References 12 Annex 14 Abstract Nowadays the quality of commercial oil is very concerned by the customers, as oxidative stability is one of the most important factors in keeping the quality of oils, fatty acids in neutral fraction, peroxide
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