Phosphoric acid (85%) was first recognized as a swelling agent to produce reactive cellulose from air dried cellulose by Walseth [251]. Phosphoric acid swollen cellulose was then subjected to vast studies as cellulose substrate for cellulase activity assays and preparation of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) [252-254]. However, Zhang et al. [255] first observed cellulose dissolution behavior when the phosphoric acid (PA) concentration reached greater than 80.5%, its critical concentration value
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6. Stop data collection at 200 seconds. 7. Save the data. 8. Repeat steps 1-5 for 0.2 g, 0.3 g, 0.4 g, and 0.5 g. Safety: • Do not allow pressure to exceed 130 kPa. If it does, the rubber stopper will likely pop off. • Wear chemistry goggles, lab coat, closed-toe shoes, and long pants. • Tie hair back. Results A clear correlation between the concentration of catalase and rate of reaction was not demonstrated. There were two trials for each reaction, and the average slope was measured in kPa
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2.5.2 Apparent properties of FP emulsion The apparent properties of the FP emulsion were determined via simple observations and tests. 2.5.3 Zeta potential and particle size Zetasizer Nano ZS particle size analyzer (Malvern, UK) was used to measure the zeta potential, particle size, and the distribution of the FP emulsion. The particle size range of the microsphere was 5– 10 µm, and the microspheres should have good stability in the emulsion without coagulation. 2.5.4 Thermal property analysis 5
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2.4 Theoretical decompression wave speed Theoretical decompression wave speed was calculated on the basis of Moens-Korteweg’s hydraulic transient equation which is used for finding the speed of pressure wave in the Joukowsky water hammer equation [10], [11], [12]. Originally the equation was used for describing hydraulic transient of flowing liquid inside a pipe restricted by sudden blockage or closure of valve. In S4 test, the conditions are contrariwise, the pressurized fluid is suddenly released
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Introduction: Sulphate ions are a part of the earth’s crust and usually occur in natural waters. Many sulphate compounds are readily soluble in water. Most of them originate from the oxidation of sulphate ores, the solution of gypsum and anhydrite, the presence of shales, particularly those rich in organic compounds, and the existence of industrial wastes. Atmospheric sulphur dioxide formed by the combustion of fossil fuels and emitted by the metallurgical roasting processes may also contribute to
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THE EXHAUST SYSTEM CONVERTER ASSEMBLY The exhaust system converter for hydrogen engines plays a very vital role in the reduction of the amount of water vapor emitted into the environment. This assembly could be installed in hydrogen cars to cool vapors converting it to water and may be preserved for drinking. Therefore, the converter converts as much vapor as possible into water and returning condensed water into tank. It could also be safe to drink this water if collected in a clean non-corrosive
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ABSTRACT: This experiment was to observe diffusion happening within the cells, and to help understand the sizes of molecules and how the chemical reactions take place. Therefore, the experiment was conducted using glucose and starch solution inside the dialysis tube. The starch and glucose that was put inside the dialysis tube help identify which of the two will reacted with potassium iodide inside the breaker, as the latter passed from the beaker into the tube, the glucose/starch solution's change
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Caffeine was isolated from tea by a sequence of solvent extractions of hot water and dichloromethane. The solid- liquid extraction, which involved hot water, removed the caffeine from the tea leaf and left behind cellulose and soluble organics. The lab actually began with the liquid- liquid extraction that involved dichloromethane and tea, and partitioned components in the layers based off their solubility in the two solvents. Since caffeine is moderately polar, it dissolves in hot water but more
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In the lab, All That Glitter, students learned to calculate and differentiate the density of different forms of matter. Students calculated the density of pre-1982 pennies, post-1982 pennies, and an unknown metal sample. In order to complete the lab, students first took ten pre-1982 and post-1982 pennies and carefully dried them. Afterwards, the pennies were placed on a digital scale in order to find the mass. Students then found the volume of the pennies by filling the graduated cylinder with
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For this examination, we quantified the speed of the compound response of hydrogen peroxide and guaiacol with the chemical peroxidase, removed from turnips. We tried this response first, by using three pH levels; pH 4.0, pH 7.0 and pH 8.0 to see which pH was ideal for the response of hydrogen peroxide and guaiacol. We utilized a colorimeter to quantify the measure of light that went through the substance at various times amid the response. Based off of our perusing of the colorimeter, we ascertained
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