INTRODUCTION General introduction of superconductors Superconductivity is a phenomenon of certain materials exhibiting zero electrical resistance and below a critical temperature. It was discovered in 1911 by H. Kamerlingh Onnes in Leiden, three years after he first liquefied Helium. He measured the resistivity of mercury and found the critical temperature TC =4.2K [1,2]. The resistivity behavior as a function of temperature is shown in Fig. Fig. 1.1: Below the transition temperature, the resistivity
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Step 1: Calculate the degree of unsaturation. The degree of unsaturation indicates number of double bonds present in the compound. Step 2: See the IR spectrum, specially the region of wavenumbers greater than 1500 cm-1 . Look for likely functional groups keeping in mind, the degree of unsaturation and molecular formula. e.g, if there is one double bond and an oxygen, it could be a carbonyl; if there is no double bond and an oxygen, it will be either an ether or an alcohol; if there are 4 double bonds
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Isolation and identification of cyanobacterial samples Cyanobacterium was isolated from the jhum land soil (25°10/22.9//N and 93°07/10.9//E at an elevation of 600.9 m) of Dima Hasao district of Assam, North-East India in BG-110 media (Rippka 1979) without supplementation of combined nitrogen. The isolated cyanobacterium was identified as Nostoc muscorum Ag. ex Born. et Flah. using the key mentioned in Desikachary (1959). Biomass production using organic manure Media was optimized for cyanobacteria
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Randall Elrod 12/6/2013 Acetaminophen Title Acetaminophen Purpose To prepare acetaminophen. Theory Acetaminophen is a synthetic, nonopiate, centrally acting analgesic derived from p-aminophenol.1 The full chemical name is N-acetyl-p-aminophenol.1 The pKa of acetaminophen is 9.51 at 25°C.1 Acetaminophen is used to relieve mild to moderate pain from headaches, muscle aches, menstrual periods, colds and sore throats, toothaches, backaches, and reactions to vaccinations (shots), and to
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The Chapter 27 Exam will include questions from the lecture slides on the following topics. Overview: Sexual reproduction – 2 parents, union of gametes to form zygote Dimorphism – sex chromosomes, primary & secondary sex organs, secondary sex characteristic Development – gonadal ridge (becomes the gonad); mesonephric & paramesonephric ducts; fates in each sex; roles of testes determining factor (TDF), testosterone & Müllerian inhibitory factor (MIF) Gonads – descent through
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Isolation of root-rot fungus and biocontrol agents M. phaseolina was isolated from the wilted and rotted mungbean plants in an infected farmer’s field in Aligarh. The infected plants were packed in sterilized polythene bags and brought to the lab. Roots showing rooting symptoms were washed under running tap water. Then, they were surface sterilized with 0.1% mercuric chloride for a minute and rinsed three times with distilled water. They were further dried on filter paper and put on solidified Potato
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During this experiment our group was tasked to answer the question of how many of drops of pH (either HCl or NaOH) it would take to render the enzyme useless and stop the digestion and breaking down of the substrate. The enzyme that we were using to answer this question was invertase. Invertase is an enzyme that splits the substrate sucrose into the component parts glucose and fructose, while sucrose, our substrate, is common table sugar. Throughout this experiment we learned a lot more about the
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3.4 Antimicrobial activity of compound methanol extract against Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum Strain FJAT- 42192 compounds methanol extract was tested against Ralstonia solanacearum FJAT-91 and two Fusarium oxysporum formae species: F.oxysporumf. sp. momordicae nov. f. FJAT-3015 and F.oxysporum f. sp. Melonis FJAT- 9230. The strain methanol extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against all pathogen used Fig 3.7. Interestingly, against Ralstonia solanacerum the strain exhibited
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Introduction Due to the symptoms that are caused by the metabolic disease diabetes, diabetics have to be very careful of their sugar intake. Whether a small or large amount of sugar consumption, the deficiency or absence of insulin, a hormone that regulates glucose levels, can cause a heavy toil on the health of diabetic patients. Food and beverage companies produce many products composed of sugars and are expected to notify buyers of the amount of sugar present in their drinks to refrain from legal
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Introduction Hemodialysis is a way of removing wastes, salt, and extra water from your blood. It also helps keep healthy mineral levels in your blood. It is done when your kidneys cannot keep your blood clean. During hemodialysis, your blood travels outside of your body to a machine (dialyzer). A filter in the machine cleans the blood. It is usually done 3 times a week. Visits last 3–5 hours. What happens before the procedure? You will need a procedure to make an opening (vascular access). This is
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