CHG 8187 Introduction to Polymer Reaction Engineering Part 1: Basic Concepts 1 2 Outline What is a polymer? •Nomenclature Polymer microstructure/properties •Chemical composition/sequence distribution •Molecular weight and distribution •Polymer architecture •Chain configuration •Morphology •Mechanical properties •Rheological properties •Glass transition temperature •Polymer modification/processing/additives 3 Outline Polymer classification •Step vs. Chain Growth Polymerization
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Microorganisms are referred as predominant source of commercial enzyme (Wiwapat et al., 2002, Kvesitadze, Kvesitadze 1990, Kutateladze et al., 2009). Due to diverse spectrum of applications enzyme production now became a multi-billion dollar business (Bhat, 2000). The market of the technical enzymes showed great diversity both in terms of the applications as well as the consumption. It has been evaluated that global sale of enzymes was $1.7–2 billion in 2005 which is expected to grow in the forthcoming
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and use of food 33.1: AN ANIMAL’S DIET MUST SUPPLY CHEMICAL ENERGY, ORGANIC MOLECULES, AND ESSENIAL NUTRIENTS * Diet must satisfy 3 nutritional needs: * Chemical energy for cellular processes * Organic building blocks for macromolecules * Essential nutrients * Activities of animals depends on sources of chemical energy that is used to produce ATP * To meet the continuous requirement for ATP, animals ingest and digest nutrients * Carbohydrates, proteins
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SUMMARY CBH Ex I CELLS AND ORGANELLES Cell Membrane: consist of a lipid bilayer. Hydrophobic tails are located in the interior. Transmembrane protiens are anchored to the core of the bilayer and can be removed only by detergents that disrupt the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins are attatched to the cell surface electrostatically and are easily removed by altering the pH. Eucaryotic cells with outer- and intra- cellular membranes ~ half the cell’s total volume -separate intracellular
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The Raw Materials of Biotechnology The Molecules of Cells Entire organism System Tissue Cells Organelle Molecules Atoms Molecular/atoms lowest level of organization Organic chemistry Chemistry of Carbon CHNOPS ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur Several Trace Minerals Forms a bond with 4 other atoms in which electrons are shared forming a covalent compound C H C H H H CH4 \ H C H H OH
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1. Introduction Packaging has become an integral part of the processing, preservation, distribution, marketing, and even the cooking of foods. Food packaging materials include paper, cellulose products, cellophane, tinplate, aluminium, stainless steel, ceramics, glass, rubber, aluminium foil, plastics and laminates (Mercer, 1990). Since its introduction in the 1950’s, the use of plastic in the packaging industry has increased at a greater rate than any other packaging material due to their low
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Chapter 40 4 main categories of tissue: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous. I. Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium): forms interactive surfaces with environment on external and internal body surfaces; functions as barriers. Formed from continuous sheets of tightly packed cells Covers outside of body; or lines organs and body cavities Apical surface: the free surface exposed to air or body fluids Basal surface: cells at base of epithelium are attached to a basement membrane
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02.13 General Certificate of Secondary Education January 2013 Additional Science / Chemistry (Specification 4408 / 4402) Unit 2: Chemistry 2 CH2HP Final Mark Scheme Error! Unknown document property name. – Error! Unknown document property name.- Chemistry – Error! Unknown document property name.– Error! Unknown document property name. 2013 Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme
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Alzheimer’s Disease a Fight for Information and Understanding ABSTRACT Alzheimer’s disease slowly deteriorates the brain, causing loss of both memory and the ability to control emotion. This review will discuss possible indicators, hypothesized causes, and both current and experimental treatments of Alzheimer’s. The disease mostly affects people over the age of 60 but can occur earlier. The problem with detecting Alzheimer’s early is that there are no clear indicators, and the changes in
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Current Chemical Biology, 2009, 3, 203-230 203 Functional Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan Inmaculada Aranaz, Marian Mengíbar, Ruth Harris, Inés Paños, Beatriz Miralles, Niuris Acosta, Gemma Galed and Ángeles Heras* Department of Physical Chemistry II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biofunctional Studies, Complutense University, Paseo Juan XXIII, nº 1. Madrid 28040, Spain Abstract: Chitin and its deacetylated derivative chitosan are natural polymers composed of randomly distributed
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